The proper role of history in evolutionary explanations

Noûs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. C. Reydon
Keyword(s):  
Proper Role ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Energy Services in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Professor Adebambo Adewopo ◽  
Dr Tobias Schonwetter ◽  
Helen Chuma-Okoro
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
The Law

This chapter examines the proper role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in achieving access to modern energy services in Africa as part of a broader objective of a pro-development intellectual property agenda for African countries. It discusses the role of intellectual property rights, particularly patents, in consonance with pertinent development questions in Africa connected with the implementation of intellectual property standards, which do not wholly assume that innovation in Africa is dependent on strong intellectual property systems. The chapter examines how existing intellectual property legal landscapes in Africa enhance or impede access to modern energy, and how the law can be directed towards improved energy access in African countries. While suggesting that IPRs could serve an important role in achieving modern energy access, the chapter calls for circumspection in applying IP laws in order not to inhibit access to useful technologies for achieving access to modern energy services.

scholarly journals A militant defence of democracy: A few replies to my critics

2020 ◽  
pp. 019145372097472
Author(s):  
Cristina Lafont
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Core ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
Proper Role

In this essay, I address some questions and challenges brought about by the contributors to this special issue on my book ‘ Democracy without Shortcuts’. First, I clarify different aspects of my critique of deep pluralist conceptions of democracy to highlight the core incompatibilities with the participatory conception of deliberative democracy that I defend in the book. Second, I distinguish different senses of the concept of ‘blind deference’ that I use in the book to clarify several aspects and consequences of my critique of epistocratic conceptions of democracy and their search for ‘expertocratic shortcuts’. This in turn helps me briefly address the difficult question of the proper role of experts in a democracy. Third, I address potential uses of empowered minipublics that I did not discuss in the book and highlight some reasons to worry about their lack of accountability. This discussion in turn leads me to address the difficult question of which institutions are best suited to represent the transgenerational collective people who are supposed to own a constitutional project. Finally, I address some interesting suggestions for how to move the book’s project forward.

Our Faith in Creation, God’s Faith in Humanity: Edward Schillebeeckx and Pope Francis on Human Transcendence and an Anthropocentric Cosmos

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-863
Author(s):  
Daniel Minch
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Edward Schillebeeckx ◽  
Theological Foundation

Edward Schillebeeckx’s theology of creation can serve as a foundation for authentic Christian self-understanding in relation to the ecological crisis. Schillebeeckx provides a Thomistic view of humanity and creation as both autonomous and “given” from God. Schillebeeckx’s anthropocentric “creation faith” and nuanced view of secularization provide a way of preserving the uniqueness of humanity without devaluing nature. Structural parallels with Pope Francis’s Laudato Si’ are developed in order to provide a fundamental-theological foundation for determining the proper role of human beings in relation to creation.

Was This in Your Statistics Textbook? IV. Frequency Data

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
D. J. Finney
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Contingency Tables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Jumping To Conclusions ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Measure Of Association

SUMMARYObservations that are frequencies rather than measurements often call for special types of statistical analysis. This paper comments on circumstances in which methods for one type of data can sensibly be used for the other. A section on two-way contingency tables emphasizes the proper role of χ2 a test statistic but not a measure of association; it mentions the distinction between one-tail and two-tail significance tests and reminds the reader of dangers. Multiway tables bring new complications, and the problems of interactions when additional classificatory factors are explicit or hidden are discussed at some length. A brief outline attempts to show how probit, logit, and similar techniques are related to the analysis of contingency tables. Finally, three unusual examples are described as illustrations of the care that is needed to avoid jumping to conclusions on how frequency data should be analysed.

Rehabilitating Nature and Making Nature Habitable

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Attfield
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Value Of Nature

Can nature be reconstituted, recreated or rehabilitated? And would the goal of doing so be a desirable one? There again, is wild nature intrinsically valuable, or are parks, gardens and farms sometimes preferable or of greater value? This cluster of questions arises from recent debates about preservation, restoration, wilderness and sustainable development. In discussing them I hope to throw some light on both the concept and the value of nature, and in due course on the attitudes which people should have towards it, the policies which should guide their practice, and thus on the proper role of humanity with regard to the natural world.

scholarly journals Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Current Therapeutic State-of-the-Art

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir H. Lebastchi ◽  
John W. Kunstman ◽  
Tobias Carling
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Rational Drug Design ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Made In

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy that generally conveys a poor prognosis. Currently, surgical resection is considered the lone curative treatment modality. In addition, the low prevalence of ACC has limited effective clinical trial design to develop evidence-based approaches to ACC therapy. The proper role of radio- and chemotherapy treatment for ACC is still being defined. Similarly, the molecular pathogenesis of ACC remains to be fully characterized. Despite these challenges, progress has been made in several areas. After years of refinement, an internationally accepted staging system has been defined. International collaborations have facilitated increasingly robust clinical trials, especially regarding agent choice and patient selection for chemotherapeutics. Genetic array data and molecular profiling have identified new potential targets for rational drug design as well as potential tumor markers and predictors of therapeutic response. However, these advances have not yet been translated into a large outcomes benefit for ACC patients. In this paper, we summarize established therapy for ACC and highlight recent findings in the field that are impacting clinical practice.

scholarly journals Arbitration as a Strike Substitute in Labour Negotiations - Public Policy Reconsidered

1969 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Mordehai Mironi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Compulsory Arbitration ◽  
Arbitration Procedure ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Labour Disputes ◽  
Arbitration Boards

The writer examines the legislative framework of the binding arbitration procedure in Alberta. He then describes the practice of arbitration boards, from the impanelling stage to the rendering of the award. Information gathered through survey of the members of such boards, and of parties who have appeared before them, is set forth and discussed. The article concludes with an assessment of the effectiveness and proper role of compulsory arbitration as an alternative to other ,,iethods for the resolution of labour disputes.

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