scholarly journals Derivation and measurement consistency of a novel biofluid dynamics measure of deglutitive bolus‐driving function—pharyngeal swallowing power

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. e13465
Author(s):  
Isaac Sia ◽  
Michael A. Crary ◽  
John Kairalla ◽  
Giselle D. Carnaby ◽  
Mark Sheplak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Function ◽  
Biofluid Dynamics ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallowing ◽  
Measurement Consistency

Functional Anatomy Underlying Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics and Swallowing Performance Goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-655
Author(s):  
William G. Pearson ◽  
Jacline V. Griffeth ◽  
Alexis M. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Laryngeal Elevation ◽  
Port Closure ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Hyoid Movement ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallowing ◽  
Pharyngeal Constriction

Purpose Rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction requires a thorough understanding of the functional anatomy underlying the performance goals of pharyngeal swallowing. These goals include the safe and efficient transfer of a bolus through the hypopharynx into the esophagus. Penetration or aspiration of a bolus threatens swallowing safety. Bolus residue indicates swallowing inefficiency. Several primary mechanics, or elements of the swallowing mechanism, underlie these performance goals, with some elements contributing to both goals. These primary mechanics include velopharyngeal port closure, hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, tongue base retraction, and pharyngeal constriction. Each element of the swallowing mechanism is under neuromuscular control and is therefore, in principle, a potential target for rehabilitation. Secondary mechanics of pharyngeal swallowing, those movements dependent on primary mechanics, include opening the upper esophageal sphincter and epiglottic inversion. Conclusion Understanding the functional anatomy of pharyngeal swallowing underlying swallowing performance goals will facilitate anatomically informed critical thinking in the rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction.

Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Findings and Correlations in Infancy of Children with Cerebral Palsy

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110267
Author(s):  
Amit Narawane ◽  
Christina Rappazzo ◽  
Jean Hawney ◽  
James Eng ◽  
Julina Ongkasuwan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Laryngeal Penetration ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Swallow Study ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallowing ◽  
Tracheal Aspiration

Objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) in infants can affect global motor function and lead to swallowing difficulties. This study aims to characterize oral and pharyngeal swallowing dynamics in infancy of patients later diagnosed with CP and to determine if swallow study performance in early infancy is associated with later CP severity and characteristics. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of infants who underwent videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) between 6/2008 and 10/2018 at a tertiary children’s hospital, and were later diagnosed with CP. Demographic data, CP characteristics and metrics, and VFSS findings were collected and analyzed. Results: There were 66 patients included in this study. The average age at the time of VFSS was 4 months (range: 0.3-12 months), 42% of patients were female, and 50% of patients were born premature. In our sample, 86% of patients presented with oral dysphagia, and 76% with pharyngeal dysphagia. Laryngeal penetration in isolation was seen in 39% of patients, and tracheal aspiration was seen in 38% of patients. Of these tracheal aspiration events, 64% were silent. At the time of VFSS, 58% of patients had a nasogastric tube, 12% had a gastrostomy tube, and 3% had a prior hospitalization for pneumonia. Rates of penetration and aspiration in early infancy did not consistently correlate with prematurity, type of CP (spastic, non-spastic, or mixed), degree of paralysis (quadriplegic, hemiplegic, or diplegic), or severity of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) score. Conclusion: While there was not a consistent correlation of swallowing dynamics in infancy with later gross motor categorizations of CP, the results of this retrospective review highlight the essential role of early clinical and videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluations to identify oral and pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction in this patient population.

scholarly journals Modelling fuel consumption and refuelling of autonomous vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 00037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Zöldy ◽  
Imre Zsombók
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Main Direction ◽  
Driving Function ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Trajectory Following ◽  
The Way

In our research we highlighted the problematic of the refuelling of autonomous vehicles. During the way to be full autonomous, the vehicles take over more and more driving function from the driver. It is lot of focus on automotive cyber security or trajectory following, but refuelling is not in the main researches. After reviewing the vehicle drivetrains, it was specified which to focus for further testing. In the second part of the article the main influencers of fuel consumption was listed based on a literature overview. Main aspects of the carried out test is listed and results helped us to refine the research direction. For modelling the refuelling of the vehicle it is an enabler to set realistic models for fuel consumption. Relevant researches were studied and these was extended with overview of refuelling studies. Based on these the main direction of our research was set.

scholarly journals Full analytical solution of the bloch equation when using a hyperbolic-secant driving function

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1630-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Zhang ◽  
Michael Garwood ◽  
Jang-Yeon Park
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Bloch Equation ◽  
Driving Function

Trial applications at gymnasiums of in-situ sound absorption measurement method by ensemble averaging technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4532-4537
Author(s):  
Toru Otsuru ◽  
Reiji Tomiku ◽  
Noriko Okamoto ◽  
Siwat Lawanwadeekul
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Absorption Measurement ◽  
Ensemble Averaging ◽  
Averaging Technique ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Measurement Consistency ◽  
Absorption Characteristics

The authors have been published a series of papers on a measurement method for sound absorption characteristics of materials using ensemble averaging technique, i.e., EA method. The papers' results included measurement mechanisms, measurement uncertainty, and so on. Herein, to examine adaptability, especially in in-situ conditions, the EA method is applied to measure absorption characteristics of materials installed in two gymnasiums. A glass-wool panel with the dimension of 0.5 m by 0.5 m by 0.05 m and with the density of 32 kg m^-3 was brought around and measured to check the measurement consistency. Several measurements were conducted during badminton plays were undergoing. Measured sound absorption coefficients revealed that most results agree well with those measured in reverberation rooms. Certain improvement is necessary for the specimen brought to the in-situ measurement to keep the consistency. The inconsistency is considered to originate from unstable conditions between the specimen and floor.

scholarly journals Analysis on Self-Morphing Process of Self-Reconfigurable Modular Robot

10.5772/7232 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqiong Fei ◽  
Yueliang Zhu ◽  
Ping Xia
Keyword(s):  
Adjacency Matrix ◽  
The Self ◽  
Geometric Feature ◽  
Modular Robot ◽  
Driving Function ◽  
Lattice Type ◽  
Motion Process ◽  
Motion Paths ◽  
Basic Configuration

The self-reconfigurable modular robot consists of many identical modules. By connecting to/disconnecting from other modules, the whole structure of the robot can transform into arbitrary other configurations. First, the lattice-type self-reconfigurable modular robot is proposed and its disconnected/connected mechanism is analyzed, which can finish self-morphing action. Second, the basic configuration of the module is analyzed with the eigenvector matrix. The motion rules are proposed. Third, the possible motion space is described with the geometric feature of modules which is effective for performing the self-morphing process. Then, the self-morphing motion process is described with the driving function and the adjacency matrix which is useful to solve the computation problem and optimize the motion paths of the robot during the self-reconfigurable morphing process. Final, an experiment of three-module motion and a simulation of multi-module's self-morphing process are shown to prove that the above analyses are effective.

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