Selaginella ophioderma (Selaginellaceae–Lycopodiophyta), a tropical rainforests new species from the Eastern slopes of the Andes mountains of northwestern South America in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván A. Valdespino ◽  
Christian A. López ◽  
Jorge Ceballos ◽  
José M. Palacios ◽  
Todd Slippey
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
The Andes

A new species of Chilenoperla (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) from the Andes of South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3268 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
ALEJANDRO VERA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Andes ◽  
A New Species

Chilenoperla puelche n. sp. is described based on male and female adults and one nymph. The wing color pattern and the gen-italia of the adults are diagnostic clearly distinguishing it from the other species of the genus. However, the nymph is similar tothat of C. elongata Vera. This new species is distributed in the Andes Mountains of Chile from 38° to 39° south latitude; Adults were collected in September and November.

Altavelia, a new genus of Neotropical Veliinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae), with a key to species and descriptions of four new species from Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4585 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN A. POLHEMUS ◽  
FREDY MOLANO ◽  
IRINA MORALES ◽  
FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO MOREIRA ◽  
CARLA FERNANDA BURGUEZ FLORIANO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Andes ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Female Abdomen

The new genus Altavelia Polhemus & Moreira (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae) includes seven species previously contained in the inveruglas group of Paravelia Breddin, 1898 and four new species from Colombia: A. altoandina Molano & Morales, A. antioquia Molano & Morales, A. montana Molano & Morales, and A. quindiana Molano & Morales. Additionally, A. amoena (Drake, 1957) is synonymized with A. flavomarginata (Hungerford, 1930). The genus is characterized by prominent setal tufts or sclerotized wing-like processes on the male proctiger; elongate body shape with long, slender legs; uniformly blackish forewings; antennal segment I longest; and the female abdomen with tergum VIII deflexed. Species in this genus occur at high elevations in the Andes Mountains with records from 1500 to 3600 m. A key is provided to all 11 species in the genus and new distributional records are presented for A. boliviana (Breddin, 1898), A. columbiensis (Hungerford, 1930), and A. flavomarginata.  

scholarly journals Comparison of 20th century and pre-industrial climate over South America in regional model simulations

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wagner ◽  
I. Fast ◽  
F. Kaspar
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
The Andes

Abstract. In this study, we assess how the anthropogenically induced increase in greenhouse gas concentrations affects the climate of central and southern South America. We utilise two regional climate simulations for present day (PD) and pre-industrial (PI) times. These simulations are compared to historical reconstructions in order to investigate the driving processes responsible for climatic changes between the different periods. The regional climate model is validated against observations for both re-analysis data and GCM-driven regional simulations for the second half of the 20th century. Model biases are also taken into account for the interpretation of the model results. The added value of the regional simulation over global-scale modelling relates to a better representation of hydrological processes that are particularly evident in the proximity of the Andes Mountains. Climatic differences between the simulated PD minus PI period agree qualitatively well with proxy-based temperature reconstructions, albeit the regional model overestimates the amplitude of the temperature increase. For precipitation the most important changes between the PD and PI simulation relate to a dipole pattern along the Andes Mountains with increased precipitation over the southern parts and reduced precipitation over the central parts. Here only a few regions show robust similarity with studies based on empirical evidence. However, from a dynamical point-of-view, atmospheric circulation changes related to an increase in high-latitude zonal wind speed simulated by the regional climate model are consistent with numerical modelling studies addressing changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. Our results indicate that besides the direct effect of greenhouse gas changes, large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperatures also exert an influence on temperature and precipitation changes in southern South America. These combined changes in turn affect the relationship between climate and atmospheric circulation between PD and PI times and should be considered for the statistical reconstruction of climate indices calibrated within present-day climate data.

scholarly journals A new species of the catfish genus Cordylancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4329 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO PROVENZANO R. ◽  
NADIA MILANI ◽  
CARLOS ARDILA R.
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Geological History ◽  
The Andes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
A New Species

As a part of an assessment of loricariid catfishes inhabiting the Andes of Colombia, specimens belonging to an interesting new species were identified. The new species is described herein, and it is tentatively included in the genus Cordylancistrus. The new species can be easily distinguished among its congeners by the presence of a unique diagnostic character: a fleshy keel or excrescence, black or dark brown, over the posterior tip of supraoccipital. Specimens of the new species were captured in rivers of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Sierra de Perijá that drain to the Magdalena River Basin and Caribbean Sea. The occurrence of one species of Cordylancistrus in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta could have interesting biogeographic implications for hypotheses related to the geological history of northwestern corner of South America or to the dispersal or vicariance models used to explain biogeographical patterns of related species in Colombia. 

Size and Locomotion in Teratorns (Aves: Teratornithidae)

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Campbell ◽  
Eduardo P. Tonni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
New Method ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Westerly Winds

Abstract The extinct family Teratornithidae contains the world's largest known flying birds. A new method of determining body weights of extinct birds, based on the size of their tibiotarsi, facilitates the estimation of the wing dimensions of these giant birds. An analysis of the bones of the teratorn wing shows that they closely resemble those of condors, suggesting that teratorns flew in a manner similar to these large New World vultures. The bones of the pelvic girdle and hindlimbs indicate that teratorns were probably agile on the ground, though better adapted for walking and stalking than running. We estimate that the largest teratorn, Argentavis magnificens, weighed 80 kg and had a wingspan of 6-8 m. It probably became airborne by spreading its huge wings into the strong, continuous, westerly winds that blew across southern South America before the elevation of the Andes Mountains and, once aloft, flew in the manner of condors.

On a new Melanosuchus species (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) from Solimões Formation (Eocene-Pliocene), Northern Brazil, and evolution of Caimaninae

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4894 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-593
Author(s):  
JONAS PEREIRA DE SOUZA-FILHO ◽  
EDSON GUILHERME ◽  
PETER MANN DE TOLEDO ◽  
ISMAR DE SOUZA CARVALHO ◽  
FRANCISCO RICARDO NEGRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Quantitative Morphology ◽  
Upper Miocene ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Geological Unit ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
A New Species

The Solimões Formation (Eocene-Pliocene) is a well-known geological unit due to the great diversity of crocodylian species. Here we describe a new species of Melanosuchus, M. latrubessei sp. nov., from the Talismã locality, state of Amazonas, from the Upper Miocene of the Solimões Formation (Solimões Basin, Brazil). A new phylogenetic inference focused on Caimaninae is provided and the different evolutionary scenarios involving this new species are discussed. In addition, quantitative morphology studies are carried out and comments regarding the paleoecology aspects of this new species are made. M. latrubessei represents a medium-sized generalist predator, being proportional to the medium-sized M. niger. This new species inhabited the drainages of the Solimões Formation and was ecologically related to other taxa of crocodylians during the proto-Amazon Miocene. The evolutionary advantages of Melanosuchus genus are discussed to better understand the biogeographical occurrence of M. niger in South America, a species which survives to this day in contrast to several other species that became extinct during the Miocene-Pliocene periods. The extinction of the Miocene-Pliocene crocodylian taxa of the Solimões Formation, including Melanosuchus latrubessei, seems to be directly related with the uplift of the northern portions of the Andes, which generated significantly changes in drainages and Amazon paleoenvironments. 

Bomarea rinconii (Alstroemeriaceae), a new species from the Talamanca Mountains in Chiriqui Province, Panama

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
DANIEL ADOLFO CÁCERES GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
The Andes ◽  
A New Species

Bomarea Mirbel (1804: 71; Alstroemeriaceae) includes 122 species (Govaerts 2013) and is divided into four subgenera (Hofreiter & Tillich 2002): Baccata (five species), Bomarea (ca. seventy species), Sphaerine(twelve species) and Wichuraea (eighteen species). Bomarea is distributed from Mexico and the Greater Antilles to southern South America (Gereau 1994). The centre of distribution of the genus is along the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia (Hofreiter 2008).

Poa (Poaceae) of Colombia: A Taxonomic Revision

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Sylvester ◽  
Robert J. Soreng ◽  
William J. Bravo-Pedraza ◽  
Lia E. Cuta-Alarcon ◽  
Diego Giraldo-Cañas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
New Variety ◽  
The Andes ◽  
A New Species

The grass genus Poa L. is widespread throughout temperate areas of the Andes, being a common constituent in the highly diverse but threatened high-elevation páramo grasslands of northwest South America. Knowledge of Poa from these páramo areas is very limited, however, with no comprehensive taxonomic treatments available for Colombia, which contains the largest area of páramo in the Neotropics and its surrounding countries. We present a taxonomic revision of Poa for Colombia accepting 15 species, including two recent combinations of Poa previously circumscribed in Aphanelytrum (Hack.) Hack. We describe a new species, P. colombiana Soreng & Sylvester, and a new variety, P. subspicata (J. Presl) Kunth var. glabrata Soreng & Sylvester, for Colombia and Ecuador. Poa colombiana is similar to P. aequatoriensis Hack. but differs in having lemmas pubescent on the keel and marginal veins, lemma apices weakly acute, flag leaf sheath margins fused 20%–38% their length, and anthers generally larger, > 1.2 mm long. Poa subspicata var. glabrata differs from P. subspicata s. str. in having glabrous lemmas. We provide two new records for Colombia of P. huancavelicae Tovar, and P. mucuchachensis Luces. Two species, P. orthophylla Pilg. and P. reclinata (Swallen) Soreng & P. M. Peterson, are considered endemic to Colombia. Poa soderstromii Negritto & Anton is placed as a subspecies of P. orthophylla, and P. leioclada Hack. is synonymized under P. mulalensis Kunth. The names P. annua L. var. exilis Tomm. ex Freyn, P. humilis Ehrh. ex Hoffm., P. infirma Kunth, P. leioclada, P. orthophylla, P. pauciflora Roem. & Schult., P. pratensis L. subsp. irrigata (Lindm.) H. Lindb., P. puberula Steud., P. pubiflora Benth., P. subcaerulea Sm., P. subspicata, and P. trachyphylla Pilg. are lectotypified, P. mulalensis is neotypified, and P. trachyphylla is epitypified. Four species are exotic and introduced from Europe: P. annua, P. infirma, P. pratensis, and P. trivialis L. We provide a key, descriptions, illustrations, distribution and habitat information, vouchers, and notes for each species.

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