Plant sugar feeding patterns of wild‐caught Aedes aegypti from dengue endemic and non‐endemic areas of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wanjiku ◽  
D. P Tchouassi ◽  
C. L Sole ◽  
C. Pirk ◽  
B. Torto
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Sugar Feeding ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Sugar Feeding Patterns for Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in South Texas

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F Olson ◽  
Selene Garcia-Luna ◽  
Jose G Juarez ◽  
Estelle Martin ◽  
Laura C Harrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Mosquito Surveillance ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Feeding

Abstract Effective mosquito surveillance and management depend on a thorough understanding of the biology and feeding patterns unique to species and sex. Given that a propensity to sugar feed is necessary for some mosquito surveillance and newer control strategies, we sought to document the amount of total sugar in wild Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) captured from five different locations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of South Texas over 2 yr. We used Biogents Sentinel 2 (BGS2) traps in year 1 and aspirators, BGS2, and CDC resting traps in years 2 and 3 to collect adult mosquitoes. The hot anthrone test was used to quantify total sugar content in each mosquito. Additionally, the cold and hot anthrone tests were used to distinguish fructose content from total sugars for mosquitoes captured in 2019. Overall, Ae. aegypti females had significantly lower total sugar content than Ae. aegypti males as well as both sexes of Cx. quinquefasciatus. However, the percentage of Ae. aegypti positive for fructose consumption was four to eightfold higher than Ae. aegypti previously reported in other regions. The difference between locations was significant for males of both species, but not for females. Seasonality and trapping method also revealed significant differences in sugar content of captured mosquitoes. Our results reinforce that sugar feeding in female Ae. aegypti is less than Cx. quinquefasciatus, although not absent. This study provides necessary data to evaluate the potential effectiveness of sugar baits in surveillance and control of both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Three dimensional secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging (3D-SIMS) of Aedes aegypti ovarian follicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Castellanos ◽  
Cesar E. Ramirez ◽  
Veronika Michalkova ◽  
Marcela Nouzova ◽  
Fernando G. Noriega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Sugar Feeding ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Secondary Ion

The mobilization of nutrient reserves into the ovaries of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes after sugar-feeding plays a vital role in the female's reproductive maturation.

scholarly journals Detection of Ace-1 gene with insecticides resistance in Aedes aegypti populations from DHF-endemic areas in Padang, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
HASMIWATI HASMIWATI ◽  
SELFI RENITA RUSJDI ◽  
EKA NOFITA
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Larval Susceptibility

Hasmiwati, Rusjdi SR, Nofita E. 2018. Detection of Ace-1 gene with insecticides resistance in Aedes aegypti populations from DHF-endemic areas in Padang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 31-36. Aedes aegypti is distributed widely in West Sumatra as a primary vector of Dengue hemorrhagic fever, especially in Padang City. Synthetic insecticide control is one currently used method to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. The extensive, long-term application of Temephos along with inappropriate dosages, have resulted in the development of resistance in Ae. aegypti populations. Mutation of the Ace-1 gene, encoding an acetyl cholinesterase, is one of the mechanisms that confer resistance to organophosphate (OP). The Temephos resistance status of Ae. aegypti in Padang city has not yet been studied. This study aimed to investigate the resistance status of Ae. aegypti and identify any possible mutation (s) of the Ace-1 gene in Padang city. Ae. aegypti samples were collected in five population in Padang city (Jati (JT), Gunung Pangilun (GP), Lubuk Minturun (LM), Korong Gadang (KG), and Bandar Buat (BB)). The larval susceptibility to Temephos was tested by larval bioassays with Temephos pestanal at 0.02 mg/L dosages. Larval susceptibility was determined by mortality percentage values. The relationship between Ace-1 genotypes and the resistant phenotype was analyzed by percentage of genotype frequency. Out of five populations, assessed by larval bioassays, JT and GP were resistant to Temephos; LM, KG, and BB were tolerant. A total of 50 individuals from larval bioassays were genotyped for Ace-1 gene. Our findings showed that Ace-1 was 495 bp in length. Mutation was not found in the G119S location but in the T506T location. Three alleles in T506T location were detected, including a wild type allele, TT (65.21%), and two mutant alleles, TA (26.08%), AA (8.69%). The use of Temephos showed that some Ae. aegypti populations were resistant, others were tolerant, but no population was vulnerable to Temephos. A novel mutation was detected as substitution in T506T location (ACT>ACA).

scholarly journals The Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti In Dengue Endemic Areas, Tegal, Central Java Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Irfan Kresnadi ◽  
Bany Faris Amin ◽  
Haekal Ariq ◽  
Viharsyah Aulia Akbar ◽  
Rawina Winita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Endemic Areas

Tegal district is a dengue-endemic area. One of the strategies to control Ae. aegypti is the use of insecticides. The determination of insecticide resistance in a dengue-endemic area is useful for supporting policies for Ae. aegypti control program. The aim of this study is to determine the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti in Tegal district, Central Java. Aedes aegypti larvae were collected from June to July 2018. Susceptibility bioassay of Ae. aegypti larvae against temephos and Ae. aegypti female against permethrin were conducted refers to the WHO protocol. The susceptibility of Ae. aegypti was interpreted based on WHO protocol as well. The mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae were at 0.025 ppm by 90%. The LC50 at 0.0005 ppm, and LC99 at 1.1037 ppm, respectively. The mortality rate of Ae. aegypti against permethrin was 26%. The LT50 at 6611.636 minutes, and LT99 at 5958807.272 minutes, respectively. The susceptibility of Ae. aegypti larvae were possible resistant but adult Ae. aegypti was resistant.

scholarly journals Sugar feeding patterns of New York Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are affected by saturation deficit, flowers, and host seeking

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0008244
Author(s):  
Kara Fikrig ◽  
Sonile Peck ◽  
Peter Deckerman ◽  
Sharon Dang ◽  
Kimberly St Fleur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Sugar Feeding ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
The Impact

Background Sugar feeding is an important behavior which may determine vector potential of female mosquitoes. Sugar meals can reduce blood feeding frequency, enhance survival, and decrease fecundity, as well as provide energetic reserves to fuel energy intensive behaviors such as mating and host seeking. Sugar feeding behavior can be harnessed for vector control (e.g. attractive toxic sugar baits). Few studies have addressed sugar feeding of Aedes albopictus, a vector of arboviruses of public health importance, including dengue and Zika viruses. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed sugar feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus for the first time in its invasive northeastern USA range. Methodology/Principal findings Using the cold anthrone fructose assay with robust sample sizes, we demonstrated that a large percentage of both male (49.6%) and female (41.8%) Ae. albopictus fed on plant or homopteran derived sugar sources within 24 hrs prior to capture. Our results suggest that sugar feeding behavior increases when environmental conditions are dry (high saturation deficit) and may vary by behavioral status (host seeking vs. resting). Furthermore, mosquitoes collected on properties with flowers (>3 blooms) had higher fructose concentrations compared to those collected from properties with few to no flowers (0–3). Conclusions/Significance Our results provide the first evidence of Ae. albopictus sugar feeding behavior in the Northeastern US and reveal relatively high rates of sugar feeding. These results suggest the potential success for regional deployment of toxic sugar baits. In addition, we demonstrate the impact of several environmental and mosquito parameters (saturation deficit, presence of flowers, host seeking status, and sex) on sugar feeding. Placing sugar feeding behavior in the context of these environmental and mosquito parameters provides further insight into spatiotemporal dynamics of feeding behavior for Ae. albopictus, and in turn, provides information for evidence-based control decisions.

scholarly journals Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009870
Author(s):  
Floriane Almire ◽  
Selim Terhzaz ◽  
Sandra Terry ◽  
Melanie McFarlane ◽  
Rommel J. Gestuveo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Antiviral Immunity ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Sugar Feeding ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
Mosquito Females

As mosquito females require a blood meal to reproduce, they can act as vectors of numerous pathogens, such as arboviruses (e.g. Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses), which constitute a substantial worldwide public health burden. In addition to blood meals, mosquito females can also take sugar meals to get carbohydrates for their energy reserves. It is now recognised that diet is a key regulator of health and disease outcome through interactions with the immune system. However, this has been mostly studied in humans and model organisms. So far, the impact of sugar feeding on mosquito immunity and in turn, how this could affect vector competence for arboviruses has not been explored. Here, we show that sugar feeding increases and maintains antiviral immunity in the digestive tract of the main arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti. Our data demonstrate that the gut microbiota does not mediate the sugar-induced immunity but partly inhibits it. Importantly, sugar intake prior to an arbovirus-infected blood meal further protects females against infection with arboviruses from different families. Sugar feeding blocks arbovirus initial infection and dissemination from the gut and lowers infection prevalence and intensity, thereby decreasing the transmission potential of female mosquitoes. Finally, we show that the antiviral role of sugar is mediated by sugar-induced immunity. Overall, our findings uncover a crucial role of sugar feeding in mosquito antiviral immunity which in turn decreases vector competence for arboviruses. Since Ae. aegypti almost exclusively feed on blood in some natural settings, our findings suggest that this lack of sugar intake could increase the spread of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases.

scholarly journals Temperature and Sugar Feeding Effects on the Activity of a Laboratory Strain of Aedes aegypti

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irvin Forde Upshur ◽  
Elizabeth Annadel Bose ◽  
Cameron Hart ◽  
Chloé Lahondère
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Sugar Feeding ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Invasive Mosquito

Aedes aegypti is an invasive mosquito species that is expected to expand its global distribution through climate change. As poikilotherms, mosquitoes are greatly affected by the temperature of the environment which can impact host-seeking, blood-feeding, and flight activity as well as survival and ability to transmit pathogens. However, an important aspect of mosquito biology on which the effect of temperature has not been investigated is water and sugar-feeding and how access to a sugar source might affect the insect’s activity and survival under different thermal conditions. To close this knowledge gap, we relied on actometer experiments to study the activity of both female and male Ae. aegypti at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, providing either water or 10% sucrose to the insects. We then measured the total carbohydrate contents of alive mosquitoes using the anthrone protocol. Survival was assessed and compared between all groups. Results from this study will inform on the thermal biology of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and how access to sugar affects their activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document