Development and lifespan of Culicoides obsoletus s.s. (Meigen) and other livestock‐associated species reared at different temperatures under laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barceló ◽  
M. A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Culicoides Obsoletus ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Associated Species

scholarly journals Observations on the Embryonic Development of Trichuris sylvilagi (Nematoda, Trichuridae) under Laboratory Conditions

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
V. Yevstafieva ◽  
V.  Melnychuk ◽  
L.  Nagorna ◽  
V.  Stybel ◽  
B.  Gutyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Favorable Temperature ◽  
Zygote Stage

In the present study, we observed in vitro the rate and stages of exogenous development of the nematode Trichuris sylvilagi Tiner, 1950 isolated from the European hare, Lepus europaeus. The viability of eggs and embryos at different temperatures was investigated. It was found that the most favorable temperature for embryonic development of the species was 30 °C, with the formation of 88.67 % of viable eggs with a motile larva in 20 days at laboratory conditions. With a decrease in temperature to 20 °C, the embryogenesis occurred in 32 days. The viability of eggs cultured at 20 °C decreased: 68.0 % of eggs reached larval stage, and 32.0 % of eggs died. At 10 °C eggs did not develop to infective stage. On the 32nd day of cultivation at 10 °C, 27.33 % of eggs remained at the zygote stage, 52.0 % at the stage of blastomere cleavage and formation, and 20.67 % died. Embryogenesis was characterized by metric changes in egg parameters. At optimal temperature, the growth and development of eggs was accompanied by an increase in the egg and plugs' width with a simultaneous decrease in their length, as well as with thinning of the shell

scholarly journals Effects of different temperatures on the demography of pistachio green stink-bug, Brachynema germari Kolenati (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), under laboratory conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Amir Yazdanpanah ◽  
Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani ◽  
Jabraeil Razmjou ◽  
Mehdi Basirat ◽  
Seyed Ali-Asghar Fathi
Keyword(s):  
Stink Bug ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Green Stink Bug

scholarly journals Survival of Colletotrichum dematium in Soil and Infected Mulberry Leaves

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yoshida ◽  
A. Shirata
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Primary Inoculum ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Overwinter survival of Colletotrichum dematium, the causal agent of mulberry anthracnose, was examined in Japan. Conidia and infected mulberry leaves were mixed with soil and placed on the ground in early December. Viability of conidia declined rapidly under field conditions—they could not be recovered within 30 days—whereas conidia placed indoors or outdoors under a roof protected from rain and snow survived longer. When a suspension of soil infested with conidia was used to inoculate detached healthy leaves, no infection was detected after 65 days of incubation, suggesting that conidia in soil are not a significant form of overwintering inoculum. When infected or latently infected leaves incubated in soil under field conditions were used as inoculum on leaves, it was shown that the fungus remained viable for at least 150 days. The fungus in infected leaves maintained under laboratory conditions at different temperatures survived for at least 90 days at 25 and 35°C and for 600 days at 0°C. These results suggest that C. dematium can overwinter in infected or latently infected leaves, and that these leaves can be a source of primary inoculum the following year. Hence, the elimination of fallen leaves in the field in autumn may be an effective way to prevent occurrence of the disease the following year.

scholarly journals Temperature-Regulated IncX3 Plasmid Characteristics and the Role of Plasmid-Encoded H-NS in Thermoregulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Baomo ◽  
Shui Lili ◽  
Robert A. Moran ◽  
Willem van Schaik ◽  
Zhuo Chao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Persistence Properties ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Critical Public Health

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a critical public health problem worldwide. Globally, IncX3-type plasmids have emerged as the predominant vehicles carrying the metallo-β-lactamase gene blaNDM. Although blaNDM-bearing IncX3 plasmids have been found in various hosts from diverse environments, whether their transfer and persistence properties vary under different conditions and what factors influence any variation is unknown. By observing the effects of different temperatures on IncX3 plasmid conjugation rates, stability, and effects on host fitness in Escherichia coli, we demonstrate that temperature is an important determinant of plasmid phenotypes. The IncX3 plasmid pGZIncX3 transferred at highest frequencies, was most stable and imposed lower fitness costs at 37°C. Temperature-regulated variation in pGZIncX3 properties involved a thermoregulated plasmid-encoded H-NS-like protein, which was produced at higher levels at 30°C and 42°C and inhibited the expression of type IV secretion system genes involved in conjugation. These findings suggest that blaNDM-bearing IncX3 plasmids are adapted to carriage by enterobacteria that colonize mammalian hosts and could explain the rapid dissemination of these plasmids among human-associated species, particularly in hospital settings.

Generation times of some free-living nematodes cultured at three temperatures

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Vancoppenolle ◽  
Gaetan Borgonie ◽  
August Coomans
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract Generation times of 21 species of free-living nematodes were determined at three different temperatures. All 21 species are Secernentea, including Cephalobina, Rhabditina, and Diplogastrida, and can be cultured in laboratory conditions. Considerable differences in generation time and optimal temperature were found among species and genera. Duree du cycle de quelques nematodes libres eleves a trois temperatures - La duree du cycle de 21 especes de nematodes libres eleves a trois temperatures a ete determinee. Les 21 especes appartiennent aux Secernentea et comprennent Cephalobidae, Rhabditina et Diplogastrida; elles peuvent toutes etre elevees au laboratoire. Des differences considerables dans la duree du cycle et la valeur de la temperature optimale sont observees entre especes et genres.

scholarly journals Behavioural microclimate selection and physiological responses to environmental conditions in a hibernating bat

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Boyles ◽  
Emily Johnson ◽  
Nathan W. Fuller ◽  
Kirk Silas ◽  
Lily Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Maximal Expression

Hibernators adjust the expression of torpor behaviourally and physiologically to balance the benefits of energy conservation in hibernation against the physiological and ecological costs. Small fat-storing species, like many cave-hibernating bats, have long been thought to be highly constrained in their expression of hibernation because they must survive winter relying only on endogenous energy stores. We evaluated behavioural microclimate selection in tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus (Cuvier, 1832)) across a three-month hibernation experiment under laboratory conditions. We also opportunistically tested for evidence of acclimatization in torpid metabolic rate (TMR). When given access to gradients in microclimate, bats tended to choose the warmest temperature available (11°C) while almost completely avoiding the driest condition available (85% relative humidity at 8°C). Further, bats held at different temperatures over the course of the hibernation showed no differences in TMR when measured under common conditions at the end of hibernation. Taken together, our results suggest selective pressures to conserve energy during hibernation are not overwhelmingly strong and further support the proposition that optimal expression of hibernation is something less than the maximal expression of hibernation unless the animal is nearing starvation.

Observations oh Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Nickel

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
J. L. Brimhall ◽  
H. E. Kissinger ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Fluence ◽  
Neutron Exposure ◽  
Growth Of Voids

Some information on the size and density of voids that develop in several high purity metals and alloys during irradiation with neutrons at elevated temperatures has been reported as a function of irradiation parameters. An area of particular interest is the nucleation and early growth stage of voids. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the microstructure in high purity nickel after irradiation to a very low but constant neutron exposure at three different temperatures.Annealed specimens of 99-997% pure nickel in the form of foils 75μ thick were irradiated in a capsule to a total fluence of 2.2 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1.0 MeV). The capsule consisted of three temperature zones maintained by heaters and monitored by thermocouples at 350, 400, and 450°C, respectively. The temperature was automatically dropped to 60°C while the reactor was down.

The structure of membranes and membrane proteins embedded in amorphous ice

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
Uwe Lücken ◽  
Joachim Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Phase Transition Temperature ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Amorphous Ice ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Lipid Polymorphism

TEM imaging of frozen-hydrated lipid vesicles has been done by several groups Thermotrophic and lyotrophic polymorphism has been reported. By using image processing, computer simulation and tilt experiments, we tried to learn about the influence of freezing-stress and defocus artifacts on the lipid polymorphism and fine structure of the bilayer profile. We show integrated membrane proteins do modulate the bilayer structure and the morphology of the vesicles.Phase transitions of DMPC vesicles were visualized after freezing under equilibrium conditions at different temperatures in a controlled-environment vitrification system. Below the main phase transition temperature of 24°C (Fig. 1), vesicles show a facetted appearance due to the quasicrystalline areas. A gradual increase in temperature leads to melting processes with different morphology in the bilayer profile. Far above the phase transition temperature the bilayer profile is still present. In the band-pass-filtered images (Fig. 2) no significant change in the width of the bilayer profile is visible.

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