scholarly journals A novel pine wood nematode effector, BxSCD1, suppresses plant immunity and interacts with an ethylene‐forming enzyme in pine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong‐Yue Wen ◽  
Xiao‐Qin Wu ◽  
Long‐Jiao Hu ◽  
Yi‐Jun Qiu ◽  
Lin Rui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood

Influence of fungi on multiplication and distribution of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in axenized Pinus thunbergii cuttings

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Suzuki ◽  
Daisuke Sakaue ◽  
Toshihiro Yamada ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Close Relationship

AbstractInfluence of fungi on multiplication and distribution of the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, was investigated in Pinus thunbergii cuttings. Axenized nematodes and/or one of two fungi isolated from healthy and PWN-killed P. thunbergii were inoculated together into autoclaved cuttings. A close relationship between the existence and distribution of fungal hyphae, and the multiplication and distribution of PWN was observed. The PWN did not multiply when only axenized nematodes were inoculated in the absence of fungi. When fungi were present, PWN population size increased markedly. The number of nematodes was high at sites where fungal hyphae were distributed. It is suggested that the restriction of a large portion of the nematode population near the inoculation site during the early stage of disease development is closely related to restricted distribution of fungal hyphae.

Pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchusxylophilus on three species of pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Bedker ◽  
M. J. Wingfield ◽  
R. A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Branch Death

Three species of 11-year-old pine trees were inoculated with Bursaphelenchusxylophilus in the field. Four branches in single whorls on red, Scots, and jack pine trees were wounded and inoculated with 10 000 nematodes each or with water extracts from Botrytiscinerea cultures. Prior to field inoculations, the pathogenicity of the nematode isolate was confirmed on seedlings in the greenhouse. Fourteen weeks after inoculation, 27 of 80 and 13 of 52 branches were dead or dying on Scots and jack pine trees, respectively. No symptoms were observed on red pine trees inoculated with B. xylophilus or on any controls. Branch death was attributed to the formation of girdling cankers resulting from inoculation. An average of 9.14, 10.39, and 0.02 nematodes were extracted per gram of wood from branch samples collected from Scots, jack, and red pine trees at 14 weeks, respectively, and at 58 weeks an average of 13.82, 1.01, and 0.05 nematodes per gram of wood sampled were recovered. Proportions of branch samples with nematodes declined from 14 to 58 weeks after inoculation. Although limited mortality of branches occurred, the pine wood nematode was not found to cause tree death following inoculation.

scholarly journals Behavioral responses of the pine wood nematode to terpenes.

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhira TOMINAGA ◽  
Masauki YAMAMOTO ◽  
Yasumasa KUWAHARA ◽  
Ryozo SUGAWARA
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood

scholarly journals Long-Term Projections of the Natural Expansion of the Pine Wood Nematode in the Iberian Peninsula

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Begoña de la Fuente ◽  
Santiago Saura
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Informative Content

The invasive pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causal agent of pine wilt disease, was first reported in Europe, near Lisbon, in 1999, and has since then spread to most of Portugal. We here modelled the spatiotemporal patterns of future PNW natural spread in the Iberian Peninsula, as dispersed by the vector beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis, using a process-based and previously validated network model. We improved the accuracy, informative content, forecasted period and spatial drivers considered in previous modelling efforts for the PWN in Southern Europe. We considered the distribution and different susceptibility to the PWN of individual pine tree species and the effect of climate change projections on environmental suitability for PWN spread, as we modelled the PWN expansion dynamics over the long term (>100 years). We found that, in the absence of effective containment measures, the PWN will spread naturally to the entire Iberian Peninsula, including the Pyrenees, where it would find a gateway for spread into France. The PWN spread will be relatively gradual, with an average rate of 0.83% of the total current Iberian pine forest area infected yearly. Climate was not found to be an important limiting factor for long-term PWN spread, because (i) there is ample availability of alternative pathways for PWN dispersal through areas that are already suitable for the PWN in the current climatic conditions; and (ii) future temperatures will make most of the Iberian Peninsula suitable for the PWN before the end of this century. Unlike climate, the susceptibility of different pine tree species to the PWN was a strong determinant of PWN expansion through Spain. This finding highlights the importance of accounting for individual tree species data and of additional research on species-specific susceptibility for more accurate modelling of PWN spread and guidance of related containment efforts.

scholarly journals The effect of feeding behavior of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on the departure of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Fengmao Chen ◽  
Lichao Wang ◽  
Lifeng Zhou ◽  
Juan Song
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Departure Date ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractIn order to study the causes of pine wood nematode (PWN) departure from Monochamus alternatus, the effects of the feeding behavior of M. alternatus on the start date of the departure of PWN were studied. The start date of the departure of PWN carried by the directly fed M. alternatus was 5—13 d after beetle emergence, mainly concentrated within 6—10 d, with a mean (±SD) of 8.02 ± 1.96 d. The start date of the departure of PWN carried by the M. alternatus fed after starvation was 5—14 d after beetle emergence, mainly concentrated within 6—9 d, with a mean of 7.76 ± 2.28 d. The results show that there was no significant difference in the start departure date of PWN between the two treatments. This shows that the feeding behavior of M. alternatus is not the trigger for PWN departure. At the same time, it was found that the motility of the PWN carried by M. alternatus at 8 d after emergence was significantly greater than that of the PWN carried by the newly emerged M. alternatus. And the PWN carried by M. alternatus at 8 d after emergence was extracted more easily than the PWN carried by newly emerged beetles. These results show that greater motility was associated with easier departure of PWN from M. alternatus. In addition, transcriptome sequencing found that the level of oxidative phosphorylation metabolism of PWN carried by beetles at 8 d after emergence was significantly higher than that in the PWN carried by newly emerged beetle. High oxidative phosphorylation was associated with increased energy production and motility by the PWN and were the internal cause of the start of nematode departure.

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