scholarly journals Cytokinin response induces immunity and fungal pathogen resistance, and modulates trafficking of the PRR LeEIX2 in tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1287-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali Gupta ◽  
Lorena Pizarro ◽  
Meirav Leibman‐Markus ◽  
Iftah Marash ◽  
Maya Bar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Cytokinin Response ◽  
Fungal Pathogen Resistance

scholarly journals Selinene Volatiles Are Essential Precursors for Maize Defense Promoting Fungal Pathogen Resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 1455-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yezhang Ding ◽  
Alisa Huffaker ◽  
Tobias G. Köllner ◽  
Philipp Weckwerth ◽  
Christelle A.M. Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogen Resistance

scholarly journals Cytokinin response induces immunity and fungal pathogen resistance in tomato by modulating cellular trafficking of PRRs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali Gupta ◽  
Lorena Pizarro ◽  
Meirav Leibman-Markus ◽  
Iftah Marash ◽  
Maya Bar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Cellular Trafficking ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Cytokinin Response ◽  
Fungal Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

AbstractPlant immunity is often defined by the “immunity hormones”: salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). These hormones are well known for differentially regulating defense responses against pathogens. In recent years, the involvement of other plant growth hormones such as auxin, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinins (CKs) in biotic stresses has been recognized. Previous reports have indicated that endogenous and exogenous CK treatment can result in pathogen resistance. We show here that CK induces systemic tomato immunity, modulating cellular trafficking of the PRR LeEIX2 and promoting biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogen resistance in an SA and ET dependent mechanism. CK perception within the host underlies its protective effect. Our results support the notion that CK acts as a priming agent, promoting pathogen resistance by inducing immunity in the host.

scholarly journals Genome Resource of Podosphaera xanthii, the Host-specific Fungal Pathogen that Causes Cucurbit Powdery Mildew

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghwan Kim ◽  
Sathiyamoorthy Subramaniyam ◽  
Myunghee Jung ◽  
Eun-A Oh ◽  
Tae Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Podosphaera Xanthii ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Cucurbit Powdery Mildew

Approximately 33 types of commonly consumed fruits and vegetables are members of the Cucurbitaceae, making it an important crop family worldwide. However, pathogen resistance to pesticides/fungicides has become a growing problem in cultivation practices. The identification of the effector proteins in each unique fungus–host pair would help toward the development of strategies for preventing the infection of important crops. In this study, we characterized the genome of Podosphaera xanthii, the fungal pathogen that causes powdery mildew disease in Cucurbitaceous plants. A first-draft genome of 209.08 MB was assembled and compared with those of 25 other fungal pathogens, particularly for identifying candidate secreted effector proteins. This draft genome can serve as a valuable resource for future genomic/proteomic studies of P. xanthii and its host-specific pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Auxin Signaling and Transport Promote Susceptibility to the Root-Infecting Fungal Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in Arabidopsis

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan N. Kidd ◽  
Narendra Y. Kadoo ◽  
Bruno Dombrecht ◽  
Mücella Tekeoglu ◽  
Donald M. Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tryptophan Pathway ◽  
Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

Fusarium oxysporum is a root-infecting fungal pathogen that causes wilt disease on a broad range of plant species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Currently, very little is known about the molecular or physiological processes that are activated in the host during infection and the roles these processes play in resistance and susceptibility to F. oxysporum. In this study, we analyzed global gene expression profiles of F. oxysporum-infected Arabidopsis plants. Genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis as well as jasmonate-dependent defense were coordinately induced by F. oxysporum. Similarly, tryptophan pathway genes, including those involved in both indole-glucosinolate and auxin biosynthesis, were upregulated in both the leaves and the roots of inoculated plants. Analysis of plants expressing the DR5:GUS construct suggested that root auxin homeostasis was altered during F. oxysporum infection. However, Arabidopsis mutants with altered auxin and tryptophan-derived metabolites such as indole-glucosinolates and camalexin did not show an altered resistance to this pathogen. In contrast, several auxin-signaling mutants were more resistant to F. oxysporum. Chemical or genetic alteration of polar auxin transport also conferred increased pathogen resistance. Our results suggest that, similarly to many other pathogenic and nonpathogenic or beneficial soil organisms, F. oxysporum requires components of auxin signaling and transport to colonize the plant more effectively. Potential mechanisms of auxin signaling and transport-mediated F. oxysporum susceptibility are discussed.

scholarly journals The hijacking of a receptor kinase–driven pathway by a wheat fungal pathogen leads to disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. e1600822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongjun Shi ◽  
Zengcui Zhang ◽  
Timothy L. Friesen ◽  
Dina Raats ◽  
Tzion Fahima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Biotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Biotrophic Pathogens ◽  
Parastagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

Necrotrophic pathogens live and feed on dying tissue, but their interactions with plants are not well understood compared to biotrophic pathogens. The wheatSnn1gene confers susceptibility to strains of the necrotrophic pathogenParastagonospora nodorumthat produce the SnTox1 protein. We report the positional cloning ofSnn1, a member of the wall-associated kinase class of receptors, which are known to drive pathways for biotrophic pathogen resistance. Recognition of SnTox1 bySnn1activates programmed cell death, which allows this necrotroph to gain nutrients and sporulate. These results demonstrate that necrotrophic pathogens such asP. nodorumhijack host molecular pathways that are typically involved in resistance to biotrophic pathogens, revealing the complex nature of susceptibility and resistance in necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogen interactions with plants.

Studies on the Fungal Pathogen of Dutch Elm Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
R. Zerillo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Plate

The fungal pathogen of the Dutch elm disease (DED), Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, has eluded effective control since its introduction in the United States more than sixty years ago. Our studies on DED include establishing biological control agents against C. ulmi. In this report we describe the inhibitory action of the antibiotic polymyxin B on the causal agent of DED.In screening a number of antibiotics against C. ulmi, we observed that filter paper discs containing 300 units (U) of polymyxin B (Difco Laboratories) per disc, produced zones of inhibition to the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar or Sabouraud agar plates (100mm x 15mm), Fig. 1a. Total inhibition of fungal growth on a plate occurred when agar overlays containing fungus and antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) were poured on the underlying agar growth medium. The agar overlays consisted of the following: 4.5 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus (control plate); 4.0 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus, 0.5 ml of polymyxin B sulfate (77,700 U). Fig. 1, b and c, compares a control plate and polymyxin plate after seven days.

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