scholarly journals Role of salicylic acid glucosyltransferase in balancing growth and defence for optimum plant fitness

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Kobayashi ◽  
Noriho Fukuzawa ◽  
Ayaka Hyodo ◽  
Hangil Kim ◽  
Shota Mashiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Fitness

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Accumulation Controlled by LSD1 Is Essential in Triggering Cell Death in Response to Abiotic Stress

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Maciej Jerzy Bernacki ◽  
Anna Rusaczonek ◽  
Weronika Czarnocka ◽  
Stanisław Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid Accumulation ◽  
Cell Death Phenotype ◽  
Insight Into

Salicylic acid (SA) is well known hormonal molecule involved in cell death regulation. In response to a broad range of environmental factors (e.g., high light, UV, pathogens attack), plants accumulate SA, which participates in cell death induction and spread in some foliar cells. LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1) is one of the best-known cell death regulators in Arabidopsis thaliana. The lsd1 mutant, lacking functional LSD1 protein, accumulates SA and is conditionally susceptible to many biotic and abiotic stresses. In order to get more insight into the role of LSD1-dependent regulation of SA accumulation during cell death, we crossed the lsd1 with the sid2 mutant, caring mutation in ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1(ICS1) gene and having deregulated SA synthesis, and with plants expressing the bacterial nahG gene and thus decomposing SA to catechol. In response to UV A+B irradiation, the lsd1 mutant exhibited clear cell death phenotype, which was reversed in lsd1/sid2 and lsd1/NahG plants. The expression of PR-genes and the H2O2 content in UV-treated lsd1 were significantly higher when compared with the wild type. In contrast, lsd1/sid2 and lsd1/NahG plants demonstrated comparability with the wild-type level of PR-genes expression and H2O2. Our results demonstrate that SA accumulation is crucial for triggering cell death in lsd1, while the reduction of excessive SA accumulation may lead to a greater tolerance toward abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Halloysite nanotubes filled with salicylic acid and sodium diclofenac: effects of vacuum pumping on loading and release properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Lisuzzo ◽  
Giuseppe Cavallaro ◽  
Stefana Milioto ◽  
Giuseppe Lazzara
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Sodium Diclofenac ◽  
Tunable Release ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Filling Mechanism

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the effects of the vacuum pumping on both the loading efficiencies and the release kinetics of halloysite nanotubes filled with drug molecules dissolved in ethanol. As model drugs, salicylic acid and sodium diclofenac were selected. For comparison, the loading of the drug molecules was conducted on platy kaolinite to explore the key role of the hollow tubular morphology on the filling mechanism of halloysite. The effects of the pressure conditions used in the loading protocol were interpreted and discussed on the basis of the thermodynamic results provided by Knudsen thermogravimetry, which demonstrated the ethanol confinement inside the halloysite cavity. Several techniques (TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, DLS and $$\zeta$$ ζ -potential experiments) were employed to characterize the drug filled nanoclays. Besides, release kinetics of the drugs were studied and interpreted according to the loading mechanism. This work represents a further step for the development of nanotubular carriers with tunable release feature based on the loading protocol and drug localization into the carrier. Graphic abstract The filling efficiency of halloysite nanotubes is enhanced by the reduction of the pressure conditions used in the loading protocol.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer Prevention by Aspirin—A Literature Review and Perspective on the Role of COX-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9018
Author(s):  
Ranjini Sankaranarayanan ◽  
D. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Meric A. Altinoz ◽  
G. Jayarama Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Chemopreventive Effect ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Prevention ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Shed Light

Aspirin, synthesized and marketed in 1897 by Bayer, is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. It has a well-recognized role in decreasing inflammation, pain and fever, and in the prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Its anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective actions have been well studied and occur through inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX). Interestingly, a vast amount of epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies have revealed aspirin as a promising chemopreventive agent, particularly against colorectal cancers (CRC); however, the primary mechanism by which it decreases the occurrences of CRC has still not been established. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed for aspirin’s chemopreventive properties among which the inhibition of COX enzymes has been widely discussed. Despite the wide attention COX-inhibition has received as the most probable mechanism of cancer prevention by aspirin, it is clear that aspirin targets many other proteins and pathways, suggesting that these extra-COX targets may also be equally important in preventing CRC. In this review, we discuss the COX-dependent and -independent pathways described in literature for aspirin’s anti-cancer effects and highlight the strengths and limitations of the proposed mechanisms. Additionally, we emphasize the potential role of the metabolites of aspirin and salicylic acid (generated in the gut through microbial biotransformation) in contributing to aspirin’s chemopreventive actions. We suggest that the preferential chemopreventive effect of aspirin against CRC may be related to direct exposure of aspirin/salicylic acid or its metabolites to the colorectal tissues. Future investigations should shed light on the role of aspirin, its metabolites and the role of the gut microbiota in cancer prevention against CRC.

scholarly journals Role of salicylic acid in acclimation to low temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pál ◽  
O. Gondor ◽  
T. Janda
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Related Compounds

Low temperature is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth throughout the world. Exposure to low temperature may cause various phenotypic and physiological symptoms, and may result in oxidative stress, leading to loss of membrane integrity and to the impairment of photosynthesis and general metabolic processes. Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic compound produced by a wide range of plant species, may participate in many physiological and metabolic reactions in plants. It has been shown that exogenous SA may provide protection against low temperature injury in various plant species, while various stress factors may also modify the synthesis and metabolism of SA. In the present review, recent results on the effects of SA and related compounds in processes leading to acclimation to low temperatures will be discussed.

scholarly journals Restoration of Defective Cross Talk in ssi2 Mutants: Role of Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid, and Fatty Acids in SSI2-Mediated Signaling

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1022-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kachroo ◽  
Aardra Kachroo ◽  
Ludmila Lapchyk ◽  
David Hildebrand ◽  
Daniel F. Klessig
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Basal Level Expression ◽  
Sa Signaling ◽  
Spontaneous Cell Death

The Arabidopsis mutants ssi2 and fab2 are defective in stearoyl ACP desaturase, which causes altered salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense signaling. Both ssi2 and fab2 plants show spontaneous cell death, express PR genes constitutively, accumulate high levels of SA, and exhibit enhanced resistance to bacterial and oomycete pathogens. In contrast to constitutive activation of the SA pathway, ssi2 and fab2 plants are repressed in JA-mediated induction of the PDF1.2 gene, which suggests that the SSI2-mediated signaling pathway modulates cross talk between the SA and JA pathways. In this study, we have characterized two recessive nonallelic mutants in the ssi2 background, designated as rdc (restorer of defective cross talk) 2 and rdc8. Both ssi2 rdc mutants are suppressed in constitutive SA signaling, show basal level expression of PR-1 gene, and induce high levels of PDF1.2 in response to exogenous application of JA. Interestingly, while the rdc8 mutation completely abolishes spontaneous cell death in ssi2 rdc8 plants, the ssi2 rdc2 plants continue to show some albeit reduced cell death. Fatty acid (FA) analysis showed a reduction in 16:3 levels in ssi2 rdc8 plants, which suggests that this mutation may limit the flux of FAs into the pro-karyotic pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis. Both rdc2 and rdc8 continue to accumulate high levels of 18:0, which suggests that 18:0 levels were responsible for neither constitutive SA signaling nor repression of JA-induced expression of the PDF1.2 gene in ssi2 plants. We also analyzed SA and JA responses of the fab2-derived shs1 mutant, which accumulates levels of 18:0 over 50% lower than those in the fab2 plants. Even though fab2 shs1 plants were morphologically bigger than fab2 plants, they expressed PR genes constitutively, showed HR-like cell death, and accumulated elevated levels of SA. However, unlike the ssi2 rdc plants, fab2 shs1 plants were unable to induce high levels of PDF1.2 expression in response to exogenous application of JA. Together, these results show that defective cross talk in ssi2 can be restored by second site mutations and is independent of morphological size of the plants, cell death, and elevated levels of 18:0.

On the Role of Salicylic Acid in Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Hernández ◽  
Pedro Diaz-Vivancos ◽  
Gregorio Barba-Espín ◽  
María José Clemente-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Plant Responses

Rice-Barnyard Grass Allelopathic Interaction: A Role of Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1782-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.X. You ◽  
P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Allelopathic Interaction

Exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) can have an important effect on rice allelopathy. Currently, the role of endogenous JA and SA on rice-barnyard grass interaction is largely unknown. In this study, the levels of JA and SA in tissues and their correlation to rice allelochemicals inducing with barnyard grass are analyzed. Rice allelochemicals production was enhanced by coexistence with barnyard grass and allelochemicals of the allelopathic variety, PI312777 were generally higher than those of non-allelopathic variety, Liaojing9. Furthermore, JA contents of two rice varieties were generally greater in roots than in shoots, and differed clearly with tested times. The SA levels of PI312777 were generally higher than those of Liaojing9 in shoots but opposite trend in roots. The contents of total allelochemicals correlated positively with SA (Pearson correlation, r = 0.91, P < 0.001). These results indicate that as the phytohormones, JA and SA play a provable role in chemical communication between rice and barnyard grass and participate in rice-barnyard grass allelopathic interaction. Future studies should determine the signal molecules in root exudates of barnyard grass and their functions.

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