scholarly journals The island cotton NBS-LRR gene GbaNA1 confers resistance to the non-race 1 Verticillium dahliae isolate Vd991

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1466-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan-Yang Li ◽  
Xue-Feng ma ◽  
Dylan P. G. Short ◽  
Ting-Gang Li ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Dahliae Isolate

scholarly journals Characterization of Race-Specific Interactions Among Isolates of Verticillium dahliae Pathogenic on Lettuce

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1380-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Vallad ◽  
Qing-Ming Qin ◽  
Rebecca Grube ◽  
Ryan J. Hayes ◽  
Krishna V. Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Significant Disease

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, poses a major threat to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production in California. Incorporation of resistance into commercial lettuce cultivars offers the least expensive technique of sustaining production in infested areas. To test the breadth of the resistance identified in field experiments, a pair of susceptible (‘Salinas’ and ‘Sniper’) and resistant (‘La Brillante’ and ‘Little Gem’) lettuce cultivars were used as differentials and individually inoculated with 29 isolates of V. dahliae and two isolates of V. albo-atrum from several hosts, including lettuce, in replicated greenhouse experiments. The reactions of the four cultivars were determined based on the disease severity at maturity. None of the V. albo-atrum isolates or V. dahliae isolates from cruciferous hosts caused significant disease on lettuce. Both Salinas and Sniper were susceptible to many isolates of V. dahliae (21 of 23) from noncruciferous hosts, and the isolates varied in their overall virulence. However, of these, only three isolates caused significant disease on the resistant cvs. La Brillante and Little Gem. These three isolates also were distinct from the other V. dahliae isolates based on sequence data from the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, suggesting that they form a phylogenetically distinct subgroup that differs in virulence toward specific lettuce genotypes. Accordingly, isolates of V. dahliae virulent on all tested cultivars, including the resistant La Brillante and Little Gem, were designated as race 2, whereas those virulent only on the susceptible Salinas and Sniper were designated as race 1. Although a range of virulence among isolates has been described in other hosts, this is the first description of distinct virulence phenotypes in V. dahliae since a similar race structure was described in tomato in the 1960s.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Weedy Hosts from Pacific Northwest Potato Production Systems to Crop-Aggressive Isolates of Verticillium dahliae

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. A. Frederick ◽  
T. F. Cummings ◽  
D. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potato Isolate ◽  
Dahliae Isolate

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a disease of dicotyledonous crops such as potato and has a wide host range and persistent, long-term survival structures called microsclerotia that can persist in soil for up to 14 years. Some V. dahliae isolates are particularly aggressive on a specific plant host while retaining the ability to infect a wide range of other hosts. Weeds can serve as hosts for V. dahliae but whether they serve as sources of inoculum for aggressive isolates of V. dahliae to crop hosts is unknown. The goal of this research was to quantify V. dahliae microsclerotia obtained from 16 weeds which were grown in the greenhouse. Potting medium was infested with one of eight V. dahliae isolates from potato, mint, sugar beet, sunflower, tomato, and watermelon. The isolates from mint and potato were aggressive on the host from which they were originally isolated. All 16 weeds were infected by at least one V. dahliae isolate, although the number of microsclerotia produced from some infections was relatively low (≤5 microsclerotia/g of dry plant). Black nightshade yielded greater numbers of microsclerotia of the V. dahliae potato isolate than any other isolate in three of four trials in the greenhouse (second trial false discovery rate, adjusted P ≤ 0.0158; third trial, P ≤ 0.0264; and fourth trial, P ≤ 0.0193). Litchi tomato yielded greater numbers of microsclerotia of the V. dahliae potato isolate than any other isolate in one of four trials (first trial, P ≤ 0.0149). A V. dahliae isolate from tomato yielded greater numbers of microsclerotia in large crabgrass and wild oat in a second trial (P ≤ 0.0158). Weeds, depending on the species, grown during and between potato crop rotations may increase the number of microsclerotia of the potato-aggressive isolates of V. dahliae.

scholarly journals Nondefoliating and Defoliating Strains from Cotton Correlate with Races 1 and 2 of Verticillium dahliae

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1713-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ping Hu ◽  
Suraj Gurung ◽  
Dylan P. G. Short ◽  
German V. Sandoya ◽  
Wen-Jing Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Important Disease

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is an important disease of cotton worldwide. Isolates of V. dahliae can be characterized as race 1 or race 2 based on the responses of differential cultivars of tomato and lettuce, or as defoliating or nondefoliating based on symptom expression in cotton. To investigate the frequency and distribution of races and defoliation phenotypes of cotton-associated V. dahliae, 317 isolates from China, Israel, Turkey, and the United States were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using defoliating, nondefoliating, and race 1- and race 2-specific primers DF/DR, NDF/NDR, VdAve1F/VdAve1R, and VdR2F/VdR2R, respectively. Of the total, 97.2% of isolates genotyped as defoliating were also characterized as race 2, while 90.8% of isolates genotyped as nondefoliating were also genotyped as race 1. To verify these results, three cotton cultivars—‘FM 2484B2F’ (highly resistant), ‘98M-2983’ (highly susceptible), and ‘CA4002’ (partially resistant)—used as differentials were each inoculated with 10 isolates characterized by PCR: six defoliating/race 2 strains (GH1005, GH1021, HN, XJ2008, XJ592, and reference strain Ls17) and four nondefoliating/race 1 strains (GH1015, GH1016, GH1020, and reference strain Ls16). All defoliating/race 2 isolates except for Ls17 caused defoliation on 98M-2983 and CA4002. Isolate Ls17 caused defoliation on 98M-2983 only. The nondefoliating/race 1 isolates caused Verticillium wilt symptoms devoid of defoliation on 98M-2983. The greenhouse assays confirmed the molecular identification of race and defoliation phenotype. Although the existence of races has not been previously established among V. dahliae isolates from cotton, the long-established nondefoliating and defoliating population structure corresponded with V. dahliae races 1 and 2, respectively.

scholarly journals First Report of Verticillium Wilt Caused by Verticillium dahliae on Mango Trees (Mangifera indica) in Southern Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Baeza-Montañez ◽  
R. Gómez-Cabrera ◽  
M. D. García-Pedrajas
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Disease Rating

Verticillium wilt, primarily caused by Verticillium dahliae Klebahn and V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold, affects a wide range of economically important crops. This disease is an increasing problem in areas where young mango trees are planted on land previously planted in vegetable crops. In 2008, symptoms of Verticillium wilt were observed in mango cvs. Kent and Osteen in the subtropical fruit-producing area of Málaga in southern Spain. In a new mango grove of cv. Kent, previously planted in potatoes and tomatoes, ~20% of 200 1-year-old trees had one-sided branch dieback. In many of these trees the symptoms expanded, leading to decline and eventual death. Cross sections of affected branches revealed brown vascular discoloration. Verticillium was isolated from surface-sterilized segments of symptomatic branches placed on acidic potato dextrose agar (PDA). Plates were incubated at 24°C. After 3 days, slow-growing colonies were transferred to PDA. Verticillium was similarly isolated from symptomatic potato plants grown in a nearby field. Identification of V. dahliae was initially based on morphology and further confirmed by molecular methods. All isolates tested produced microsclerotia, a defining feature that distinguishes V. dahliae from V. albo-atrum. For molecular characterization, V. dahliae specific primers 19 and 22 (1) and universal primers ITS1 and ITS4, which amplify the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (4), were used. Bands of expected size were amplified with both primer combinations. ITS fragments were sequenced and identical to the V. dahliae reference sequence (GenBank AY555948) (3). Pathogenicity assays were conducted with a selected isolate from mango using tomato plants from the susceptible line ‘Moneymaker’ and the near isogenic ‘Motabo’ line carrying the Ve gene conferring resistance to race 1 isolates. Five 1-month-old plants (four-leaf stage) were inoculated by root immersion in a suspension of 107 conidia/ml. Five control plants were mock inoculated with distilled water. As a positive control, five plants were inoculated with the previously described race 1 strain Dvd-T5 (2), which induces severe symptoms in susceptible tomato cultivars. Symptoms were scored visually at various time points up to 40 days by a 0 to 5 scale in which 0 = negligible chlorosis or wilting, 1 = chlorosis and wilting and/or curling in individual leaves, 2 = necrosis in leaves, 3 = at least one branch dead, 4 = wilt and/or chlorosis in upper leaves and/or two or more branches dead, and 5 = plant dead or all leaves and most of stem necrotic. The isolate from mango caused typical Verticillium wilt symptoms with a mean disease rating of 3.6 at 40 days postinoculation in both lines. The mean disease rating for Dvd-T5 in Moneymaker 40 days postinoculation was 4.0. V. dahliae was reisolated from symptomatic plants but not from noninoculated controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Verticillium wilt on mango in Spain. More problems with Verticillium wilt are expected because of the increasing planting of mango in fields previously dedicated to horticultural crops. References: (1) J. H. Carder et al. Modern Assays for Plant Pathogenic Fungi: Identification, Detection and Quantification. CAB International, Oxford, 1994. (2) K. F. Dobinson et al. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 18:55, 1996. (3) M. P. Pantou et al. Mycol. Res. 109:889, 2005. (4) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Amplification. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.

The inheritance of resistance to Verticillium wilt caused by race 1 isolates of Verticillium dahliae in the lettuce cultivar La Brillante

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Hayes ◽  
Leah K. McHale ◽  
Gary E. Vallad ◽  
Maria Jose Truco ◽  
Richard W. Michelmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Lettuce Cultivar

scholarly journals Identification of Tomato Ve1 Homologous Proteins in Flax and Assessment for Race-Specific Resistance in Two Fiber FlaxCultivars against Verticillium dahliae Race 1

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Adrien Blum ◽  
Lisa Castel ◽  
Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin ◽  
Azeddine Driouich ◽  
Karine Laval
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Lrr Domain

In the last decade, the soil borne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae has had an increasingly strong effect on fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), thus causing important yield losses in Normandy, France. Race-specific resistance against V. dahliae race 1 is determined by tomato Ve1, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like protein (RLP). Furthermore, homologous proteins have been found in various plant families. Herein, four homologs of tomato Ve1 were identified in the flax proteome database. The selected proteins were named LuVe11, LuVe12, LuVe13 and LuVe14 and were compared to other Ve1. Sequence alignments and phylogenic analysis were conducted and detected a high similarity in the content of amino acids and that of the Verticillium spp. race 1 resistance protein cluster. Annotations on the primary structure of these homologs reveal several features of tomato Ve1, including numerous copies of a 28 amino acids consensus motif [XXIXNLXXLXXLXLSXNXLSGXIP] in the LRR domain. An in vivo assay was performed using V. dahliae race 1 on susceptible and tolerant fiber flax cultivars. Despite the presence of homologous genes and the stronger expression of LuVe11 compared to controls, both cultivars exhibited symptoms and the pathogen was observed within the stem. Amino acid substitutions within the segments of the LRR domain could likely affect the ligand binding and thus the race-specific resistance. The results of this study indicate that complex approaches including pathogenicity tests, microscopic observations and gene expression should be implemented for assessing race-specific resistance mediated by Ve1 within the large collection of flax genotypes.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Verticillium dahliae Race 1 Isolate VdLs.16 From Lettuce

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1265-1269
Author(s):  
Jie-Yin Chen ◽  
Dan-Dan Zhang ◽  
Jin-Qun Huang ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Shi-Jun Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

Verticillium dahliae is a widespread fungal pathogen that causes Verticillium wilt on many economically important crops and ornamentals worldwide. Populations of V. dahliae have been divided into two distinct races based upon differential host responses in tomato and lettuce. Recently, the contemporary race 2 isolates were further divided into an additional race in tomato. Herein, we provide a high-quality reference genome for the race 1 strain VdLs.16 isolated from lettuce in California, U.S.A. This resource will contribute to ongoing research that aims to elucidate the genetic basis of V. dahliae pathogenicity and population genomic diversity.

scholarly journals Delayed Foliar Symptoms Caused by Verticillium dahliae as an Alternative Resistance Trait in Iceberg Lettuce

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-519
Author(s):  
Germán V. Sandoya ◽  
Krishna Subbarao ◽  
Ryan Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Iceberg Lettuce ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Resistance Trait ◽  
Race 2

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is an economically damaging disease of iceberg lettuce on the Central Coast of California. Foliar wilting symptoms that manifest near or at peak market maturity (MM) lead to collapse of the head, making it unmarketable. Complete resistance to race 1 of the pathogen is known, but adequate levels of resistance are not available against race 2. Additional mechanisms or traits that reduce foliar symptoms (FS) are needed to lessen economic losses from this disease. Since the disease affects leaves, the harvested product, identification of iceberg cultivars that delay the onset of FS past peak MM could reduce yield loss from the disease. The goal of this research was to identify iceberg lettuce germplasm with delayed onset of FS. Diverse iceberg cultivars were evaluated in replicated field experiments for MM, FS severity, and adaptation. A few winter-adapted cultivars showed fewer FS past MM and seem to be promising candidates for breeding. These cultivars are not adapted to the California Central Coast where the disease currently predominates. Further studies will determine the usefulness of this trait for breeding improved cultivars for use in V. dahliae–infested fields. Developing new cultivars that combine currently available sources of partial resistance against race 2 with delayed onset of FS could lead to reduced crop losses should race 2 of V. dahliae become widespread.

Colonization of tomatoes by Verticillium dahliae: determinative phase II

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1279-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gold ◽  
Barbara Lee ◽  
J. Robb
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ve Gene ◽  
Defensive Mechanism ◽  
Colonizing Ability

To investigate the relationship between stem colonizing ability of Verticillium and wilt disease development, the colonization capacities of Verticillium dahliae, race 1 or race 2, were compared in near-isolines of the cultivar Craigella, with (Ve+) and without (Ve−) Ve-gene resistance, and in the cultivar IRAT-L3, which also lacks the Ve-gene. Only the Ve+/V.d.1 interaction was resistant to disease. Lateral and vertical invasiveness of the pathogen were assessed cytologically and fungal biomass was monitored by PCR-based diagnostics. The pathogen was most aggressive in the Ve−/V.d.1 interaction; colonization capacity was reduced in the other five combinations, but most severely, and equivalently, in Ve+/V.d.1, IRAT/V.d.1, and IRAT/V.d.2. Further study of the development and role of the vascular coating response in IRAT-L3 indicated a pattern of expression similar to that observed in other susceptible plants, and it was concluded that the reduced colonization of this cultivar by V. dahliae resulted from another unknown defensive mechanism. Stem colonizing ability that is compatible with resistance in one cultivar and race combination may promote symptom expression and even death in another. Keywords: tomato, Verticillium dahliae, vascular coating, resistance.

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