scholarly journals The Smartphone as a Personal Cognitive Artifact Supporting Participation in Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-316
Author(s):  
LAURA E. EILOLA ◽  
NIINA S. LILJA
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Artifact

scholarly journals From ‘ontological metaphor’ to semiotic make-believe: giving shape and substance to fictive objects of conception with the ‘globe gesture’

Signo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (70) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Remi Lapaire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Cognitive Artifact ◽  
Emotional Appeal ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Suspension Of Disbelief ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree

Speakers are moving cognizers who engage in bodily acts of conceptualization. The “globe gesture” is among the most spectacular forms of “manual thinking” (Streeck 2009) used in formal talk. A characterization of the kinesic action typical of the “globe gesture” is first provided that shows how “the image of a bounded, supportable object” is created (McNeill 1992) and set up in gesture space. As conceptual objects are created and masses of semantic substance fashioned, visible shape is given to shapeless mental representations. A powerful semiotic trick is performed with a simple cognitive artifact. Interestingly, a willing suspension of disbelief is required of speakers and listeners who must temporarily give up their rational conceptions of visibility, materiality and palpability to watch the symbolic manipulation of invisible objects. The basic expressive properties of the “globe gesture” are next characterized: outlining and isolating objects of conception; neutralizing semantic specification; establishing a joint focus of attention and imagination; shaping, displaying and unifying content; creating a sense of reality and existence through physical presence. Iconic modifications of the standard metaphoric hand configuration, virtuosic elaborations and creative blends are finally examined before reporting the results of an experimental study of the globe gesture’s heuristic properties in a controlled environment. 14 students attending a multimodal “kineflective” seminar used the hand configuration to engage in “choreographic thinking” (Forsythe 2009) and develop a haptic understanding of derivation, nominalization, substantivation, conceptual reification. The globe gesture acted as a facilitator so long as a high degree of generality was maintained but was promptly discarded when words with a strong emotional appeal were introduced (e.g. sadness, madness). Emblems and iconic gestures were spontaneously performed instead.

How Cognitive Artifact Support of Acute Care Distributed Cognition Affects Patient Safety

2004 ◽  
pp. 2967-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Nemeth ◽  
Richard I. Cook ◽  
Michael O’Connor ◽  
P. Allan Klock
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Artifact

scholarly journals Value and Usage of a Workaround Artifact: A Cognitive Work Analysis of “Brains” Use by Hospital Nurses

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin F. Mount-Campbell ◽  
Kevin D. Evans ◽  
David D. Woods ◽  
Esther M. Chipps ◽  
Susan D. Moffatt-Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Code Status ◽  
Cognitive Artifact ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Planned Activities

We identify the value and usage of a cognitive artifact used by hospital nurses. By analyzing the value and usage of workaround artifacts, unmet needs using intended systems can be uncovered. A descriptive study employed direct observations of registered nurses at two hospitals using a paper workaround (“brains”) and the Electronic Health Record. Field notes and photographs were taken; the format, size, layout, permanence, and content of the artifact were analyzed. Thirty-nine observations, spanning 156 hr, were conducted with 20 nurses across four clinical units. A total of 322 photographs of paper-based artifacts for 161 patients were collected. All participants used and updated “brains” during report, and throughout the shift, most were self-generated. These artifacts contained patient identifiers in a header with room number, last name, age, code status, and physician; clinical data were recorded in the body with historical chronic issues, detailed assessment information, and planned activities for the shift. Updates continuously made during the shift highlighted important information, updated values, and tracked the completion of activities. The primary functional uses of “brains” are to support nurses’ needs for clinical immediacy through personally generated snapshot overviews for clinical summaries and updates to the status of planned activities.

The Body as a Cognitive Artifact in Kinship Representations

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Enfield
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Cognitive Artifact

The Spiral Discovery Method: An Interpretable Tuning Model for CogInfoCom Channels

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Csapo ◽  
◽  
Péter Baranyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Space ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Tensor Algebra ◽  
Perceptual Space ◽  
Cognitive Artifact ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
High Level ◽  
Discovery Method ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom) messages that are used to carry information on the state of the same high-level concept can be regarded as belonging to a CogInfoCom channel. Such channels can be generated using any kind of parametric model. By changing the values of the parameters, it is possible to arrive at a large variety of CogInfoCom messages, a subset of which can belong to a CogInfoCom channel – provided they are perceptually well-suited to the purpose of conveying information on the same highlevel concept. Thus, for any CogInfoCom channel, we may speak of a parameter space and a perceptual space that is created by the totality of messages in the CogInfoCom channel. In this paper, we argue that in general, the relationship between the parameter space and the perceptual space is highly non-linear. For this reason, it is extremely difficult for the designer of a CogInfoCom channel to tune the parameters in such a way that the resulting CogInfoCom messages are perceptually continuous, and suitable to carry information on a single high-level concept. To address this problem, we propose a cognitive artifact that uses a rank concept available in tensor algebra to provide the designer of CogInfoCom channels with practical tradeoffs between complexity and interpretability. We refer to the artifact as the Spiral Discovery Method (SDM).

Memory for Animal Tracks: A Possible Cognitive Artifact of Human Evolution

2002 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Sharps ◽  
Amy Boothby Villegas ◽  
Michael A. Nunes ◽  
Terry L. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Artifact

Discovering Healthcare Cognition: The Use of Cognitive Artifacts to Reveal Cognitive Work

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Nemeth ◽  
Michael O’Connor ◽  
P. Allan Klock ◽  
Richard Cook
Keyword(s):  
Care Staff ◽  
Team Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Artifacts ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Artifact ◽  
Artifact Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Irreducible Uncertainty ◽  
Frontline Managers

Healthcare systems, especially hospital operating room suites, have properties that make them ideal for the study of the cognitive work using the naturalistic decision-making (NDM) approach. This variable, complex, high-tempo setting provides a unique opportunity to examine the ways that clinicians plan, monitor, and cope with the irreducible uncertainty that underlies this work domain. As frontline managers, anesthesia coordinators plan and manage anesthesia assignments for surgical procedures. As frontline managers, coordinators develop and use cognitive artifacts to distribute cognition across time and among members of the acute care staff. Examination of these cognitive artifacts and their use reveals the hidden subtleties of the coordinators’ work. The use of NDM methods including cognitive artifact analysis to understand cognitive work generates insights that extend beyond the operator level to the study of team-level cognition. Results can be used to create computer-based artifacts that aid individual and team cognition.

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