scholarly journals FlhF(T368A) modulates motility in the bacteriophage carrier state ofCampylobacter jejuni

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Liang ◽  
Ian F. Connerton
Keyword(s):  
Carrier State ◽  
Ofcampylobacter Jejuni

A Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia Cluster Among Iraqi Jews in Israel

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Seligsohn ◽  
S Rososhansky
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Calculated Frequency ◽  
Jewish Origin ◽  
Glanzmann’S Thrombasthenia ◽  
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

SummaryA country-wide survey of Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia in Israel identified 44 patients. The patients belong to 23 unrelated families, 17 of whom are of Iraqi Jewish origin. The frequency of thrombasthenia among Iraqi Jews in Israel (total population 270,000) is 1:7714 and thus the calculated frequency of the carrier state is 2.3%.

A Report of Four Cases and a Review of the Literature

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Becker ◽  
Alexander M. Wernicke
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Physical Finding ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Moderate Elevation

Four cases of gonococcal pharyngotonsillitis have been presented, along with a review of the world literature. This entity is most commonly seen in those individuals practicing fellatio, i.e., females and homosexual males. The infection may be passed to the newborn by the infected genitals of the mother during birth, to the infant from adult molestation, or among sexually promiscuous children. Most gonococcal pharyngeal infections result in a carrier state, and as such, are possible reservoirs of propagated infections. When symptomatic, the most frequent complaint is a sore throat. Physical finding among symptomatic patients reveal a wide spectrum ranging from mild hyperemia of the pharynx or tonsils, to exudative tonsillitis with tender cervical lymph nodes and moderate elevation of temperature. Most authorities agree that the preferred treatment is 4.8 million units of procaine penicillin G I.M., with one gm of probenecid by mouth thirty minutes before the injection. If allergic to penicillin, tetracycline should be given, 1.5 gm by mouth stat, then 0.5 gm four times a day for a total of 9 gm. A routine blood agar culture of the throat will not reveal the presence of the gonococcus. Thayer-Martin (or Transgrow) media must be used. Failure to detect pathogenic bacteria in a routine culture may lead to either no treatment or improper treatment of a gonococcal pharyngotonsillar infection. This may result in a carrier state, or even worse, to a disseminated gonococcal infection.

scholarly journals The Foot-and-Mouth Disease Carrier State Divergence in Cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (14) ◽  
pp. 6344-6364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Stenfeldt ◽  
Michael Eschbaumer ◽  
Steven I. Rekant ◽  
Juan M. Pacheco ◽  
George R. Smoliga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Antiviral Response ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Fmdv Infection ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Follicle Associated Epithelium ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Host Antiviral Response

ABSTRACTThe pathogenesis of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection was investigated in 46 cattle that were either naive or had been vaccinated using a recombinant, adenovirus-vectored vaccine 2 weeks before challenge. The prevalence of FMDV persistence was similar in both groups (62% in vaccinated cattle, 67% in nonvaccinated cattle), despite vaccinated cattle having been protected from clinical disease. Analysis of antemortem infection dynamics demonstrated that the subclinical divergence between FMDV carriers and animals that cleared the infection had occurred by 10 days postinfection (dpi) in vaccinated cattle and by 21 dpi in nonvaccinated animals. The anatomic distribution of virus in subclinically infected, vaccinated cattle was restricted to the pharynx throughout both the early and the persistent phases of infection. In nonvaccinated cattle, systemically disseminated virus was cleared from peripheral sites by 10 dpi, while virus selectively persisted within the nasopharynx of a subset of animals. The quantities of viral RNA shed in oropharyngeal fluid during FMDV persistence were similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle. FMDV structural and nonstructural proteins were localized to follicle-associated epithelium of the dorsal soft palate and dorsal nasopharynx in persistently infected cattle. Host transcriptome analysis of tissue samples processed by laser capture microdissection indicated suppression of antiviral host factors (interferon regulatory factor 7, CXCL10 [gamma interferon-inducible protein 10], gamma interferon, and lambda interferon) in association with persistent FMDV. In contrast, during the transitional phase of infection, the level of expression of IFN-λ mRNA was higher in follicle-associated epithelium of animals that had cleared the infection. This work provides novel insights into the intricate mechanisms of FMDV persistence and contributes to further understanding of this critical aspect of FMDV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCEThe existence of a prolonged, asymptomatic carrier state is a political impediment for control and potential eradication of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). When FMD outbreaks occur, they are often extinguished by massive depopulation of livestock due to the fear that some animals may have undiagnosed subclinical infection, despite uncertainty over the biological relevance of FMD virus (FMDV) persistence. The work described here elucidates aspects of the FMDV carrier state in cattle which may facilitate identification and/or abrogation of asymptomatic FMDV infection. The divergence between animals that clear infection and those that develop persistent infection was demonstrated to occur earlier than previously established. The host antiviral response in tissues maintaining persistent FMDV was downregulated, whereas upregulation of IFN-λ mRNA was found in the epithelium of cattle that had recently cleared the infection. This suggests that the clearing of FMDV infection is associated with an enhanced mucosal antiviral response, whereas FMDV persistence is associated with suppression of the host antiviral response.

Hereditary factor XIII deficiency: report of four families and definition of the carrier state

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sh. Berliner ◽  
A. Lusky ◽  
A. Zivelin ◽  
M. Modan ◽  
U. Seligsohn
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Factor Xiii Deficiency ◽  
Hereditary Factor ◽  
Definition Of
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