scholarly journals Cooperation between two periplasmic copper chaperones is required for full activity of thecbb3-type cytochromecoxidase and copper homeostasis inRhodobacter capsulatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru-Iulian Trasnea ◽  
Marcel Utz ◽  
Bahia Khalfaoui-Hassani ◽  
Simon Lagies ◽  
Fevzi Daldal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Homeostasis ◽  
Copper Chaperones ◽  
Full Activity

scholarly journals Copper imbalance linked to oxidative stress and cell death during Zika virus infection in human astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Puig-Pijuan ◽  
Leticia R. Q. Souza ◽  
Carolina da S. G. Pedrosa ◽  
Luiza M. Higa ◽  
Fabio Luis Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Copper Homeostasis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Copper Chaperones ◽  
Copper Release ◽  
Human Astrocytes

The Zika virus (ZIKV) caused neurological abnormalities in more than 3500 Brazilian newborns between 2015 and 2020. Data have pointed to oxidative stress in astrocytes as well as to dysregulations in neural cell proliferation and cell cycle as important events accounting for the cell death and neurological complications observed in Congenital Zika Syndrome. Copper imbalance has been shown to induce similar alterations in other pathologies, and disturbances in copper homeostasis have already been described in viral infections. For this reason, we investigated copper homeostasis imbalance as a factor that could contribute to the cytotoxic effects of ZIKV infection in iPSC-derived human astrocytes. Our results show that ZIKV infection leads to a downregulation of one of the transporters mediating copper release, ATP7B protein. We also observed the activation of mechanisms that counteract high copper levels, including the synthesis of copper chaperones and the reduction of the copper importer protein CTR1. Finally, we show that chelator-mediated copper sequestration in ZIKV-infected astrocytes reduces the levels of reactive oxygen species and improves cell viability, but does not change the overall percentage of infected cells. In summary, our results show that copper homeostasis imbalance plays a role in the pathology of ZIKV in astrocytes, indicating that it may also be a factor accounting for the developmental abnormalities in the central nervous system following viral infection. Evaluating micronutrient levels and the use of copper chelators in pregnant women susceptible to ZIKV infection may be promising strategies to manage novel cases of congenital ZIKV syndrome.

Fractionation of Plasminogen by Starch Gel Electrophoresis

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Slotta ◽  
J. D Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
Veronal Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Alkaline Range

SummaryWhen urea or ε-amino caproic acid were used as solublizing agents for plasminogen in electrophoretic experiments, only one broad band of the proenzyme was obtained on acetate cellulose, in starch block, and in acrylamide gel. In starch gel electrophoresis, however, both forms of plasminogen – the native or euglobulin and Kline’s or Pseudoglobulin plasminogen – separated into six bands. These migrated toward the cathode at room temperature in borate or veronal buffer in the alkaline range and showed full activity in fibrinagar-streptokinase plates.

scholarly journals XIAP: Cell death regulation meets copper homeostasis

2007 ◽  
Vol 463 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjmand R. Mufti ◽  
Ezra Burstein ◽  
Colin S. Duckett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Copper Homeostasis

scholarly journals Primary structure of two P-type ATPases involved in copper homeostasis in Enterococcus hirae

1993 ◽  
Vol 268 (17) ◽  
pp. 12775-12779 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Odermatt ◽  
H. Suter ◽  
R. Krapf ◽  
M. Solioz
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Copper Homeostasis ◽  
Enterococcus Hirae ◽  
P Type

scholarly journals Advances in Understanding of the Copper Homeostasis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2050
Author(s):  
Lukas Hofmann ◽  
Melanie Hirsch ◽  
Sharon Ruthstein
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Copper Homeostasis ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Target Sites

Thirty-five thousand people die as a result of more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections in the United States of America per year. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is classified a serious threat, the second-highest threat category of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Among others, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages the discovery and development of novel antibiotic classes with new targets and mechanisms of action without cross-resistance to existing classes. To find potential new target sites in pathogenic bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa, it is inevitable to fully understand the molecular mechanism of homeostasis, metabolism, regulation, growth, and resistances thereof. P. aeruginosa maintains a sophisticated copper defense cascade comprising three stages, resembling those of public safety organizations. These stages include copper scavenging, first responder, and second responder. Similar mechanisms are found in numerous pathogens. Here we compare the copper-dependent transcription regulators cueR and copRS of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and P. aeruginosa. Further, phylogenetic analysis and structural modelling of mexPQ-opmE reveal that this efflux pump is unlikely to be involved in the copper export of P. aeruginosa. Altogether, we present current understandings of the copper homeostasis in P. aeruginosa and potential new target sites for antimicrobial agents or a combinatorial drug regimen in the fight against multidrug resistant pathogens.

How glycosylation affects glycosylation: the role of N-glycans in glycosyltransferase activity

Glycobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 941-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Mikolajczyk ◽  
Radoslaw Kaczmarek ◽  
Marcin Czerwinski
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
New Therapy ◽  
Complex Group ◽  
Growing Body

Abstract N-glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins. It plays important roles in the biogenesis and functions of proteins by influencing their folding, intracellular localization, stability and solubility. N-glycans are synthesized by glycosyltransferases, a complex group of ubiquitous enzymes that occur in most kingdoms of life. A growing body of evidence shows that N-glycans may influence processing and functions of glycosyltransferases, including their secretion, stability and substrate/acceptor affinity. Changes in these properties may have a profound impact on glycosyltransferase activity. Indeed, some glycosyltransferases have to be glycosylated themselves for full activity. N-glycans and glycosyltransferases play roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases (including cancers), so studies on glycosyltransferases may contribute to the development of new therapy methods and novel glycoengineered enzymes with improved properties. In this review, we focus on the role of N-glycosylation in the activity of glycosyltransferases and attempt to summarize all available data about this phenomenon.

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