scholarly journals The epistemic innocence of clinical memory distortions

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bortolotti ◽  
Ema Sullivan-Bissett
Keyword(s):  
Memory Distortions ◽  
Epistemic Innocence

Bearing False Witness Under Pressure: Implicit and Explicit Components of Stereotype-Driven Memory Distortions

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Sherman ◽  
Carla J. Groom ◽  
Katja Ehrenberg ◽  
Karl Christoph Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Memory Distortions ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Epistemic Innocence and the Ethics of Stereotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-92
Author(s):  
Katherine Puddifoot
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Epistemic Injustice ◽  
Epistemic Perspective ◽  
Moral Encroachment ◽  
Epistemic Innocence

Chapter 4 develops a challenge to two ideas that will be tempting to some: (i) harbouring and applying social attitudes that reflect social realities can only be good from an epistemic perspective, and (ii) harbouring and applying social attitudes that fail to reflect social realities can only be bad from an epistemic perspective. It is shown first that there can be epistemic costs associated with stereotyping, even where a stereotype reflects an aspect of social reality. Then it is argued that there can be epistemic benefits associated with having social attitudes that fail to reflect these realities where the alternative would be to suffer the epistemic costs of stereotyping. It is argued that social attitudes that are egalitarian but fail to reflect social realities can be epistemically innocent and the lesser of two epistemic evils. Finally, the chapter outlines some implications of these points for existing theories of the ethics of stereotyping, accounts of epistemic injustice and moral encroachment views.

Confabulated Explanations

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-69
Author(s):  
Lisa Bortolotti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Peer Feedback ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Epistemic Innocence

In this chapter, the author argues that the ill-grounded explanations agents sincerely offer for their choices have the potential for epistemic innocence. Such explanations are not based on evidence about the causes of the agents’ behaviour and typically turn out to be inaccurate. That is because agents tend to underestimate the role of priming effects, implicit biases, and basic emotional reactions in their decision making. However, offering explanations for their choices, even when the explanations are ill-grounded, enables them to share information about their choices with peers, facilitating peer feedback and self-reflection. Moreover, by providing plausible explanations for their behaviour—rather than acknowledging the influence of factors that cannot be easily controlled—agents preserve a sense of themselves as competent and largely coherent decision makers, which can improve their decision making.

scholarly journals Age-related Neural Changes during Memory Conjunction Errors

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly S. Giovanello ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kensinger ◽  
Alana T. Wong ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Conjunction Errors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Memory Distortions ◽  
Memory Conjunction Errors

Human behavioral studies demonstrate that healthy aging is often accompanied by increases in memory distortions or errors. Here we used event-related fMRI to examine the neural basis of age-related memory distortions. We used the memory conjunction error paradigm, a laboratory procedure known to elicit high levels of memory errors. For older adults, right parahippocampal gyrus showed significantly greater activity during false than during accurate retrieval. We observed no regions in which activity was greater during false than during accurate retrieval for young adults. Young adults, however, showed significantly greater activity than old adults during accurate retrieval in right hippocampus. By contrast, older adults demonstrated greater activity than young adults during accurate retrieval in right inferior and middle prefrontal cortex. These data are consistent with the notion that age-related memory conjunction errors arise from dysfunction of hippocampal system mechanisms, rather than impairments in frontally mediated monitoring processes.

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