Materials matter: Understanding the importance of sociomaterial assemblages for OSCE candidate performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte E. Rees ◽  
Ella Ottrey ◽  
Peter Barton ◽  
Samantha Dix ◽  
Debra Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Performance

Evaluation of medical ethics competencies in rheumatology: local experience during national accreditation process

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 839-842
Author(s):  
Virginia Pascual-Ramos ◽  
Irazú Contreras-Yáñez ◽  
Cesar Alejandro Arce Salinas ◽  
Miguel Angel Saavedra Salinas ◽  
Mónica Vázquez del Mercado Del Mercado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Medical Encounter ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Communications Skills ◽  
Delivering Bad News ◽  
Candidate Performance

IntroductionRheumatologists are the primary healthcare professionals responsible for patients with rheumatic diseases and should acquire medical ethical competencies, such as the informed consent process (ICP). The objective clinical structured examination is a valuable tool for assessing clinical competencies. We report the performance of 90 rheumatologist trainees participating in a station designed to evaluate the ICP during the 2018 and 2019 national accreditations.MethodsThe station was validated and represented a medical encounter in which the rheumatologist informed a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with clinically active nephritis about renal biopsy. A trained patient–actor and an evaluator were instructed to assess ICP skills (with a focus on kidney biopsy benefits, how the biopsy is done and potential complications) in obtaining formal informed consent, delivering bad news and overall communication with patients. The evaluator used a tailored checklist and form.ResultsCandidate performance varied with ICP content and was superior for potential benefit information (achieved by 98.9% of the candidates) but significantly reduced for potential complications (37.8%) and biopsy description (42.2%). Only 17.8% of the candidates mentioned the legal perspective of ICP. Death (as a potential complication) was omitted by the majority of the candidates (93.3%); after the patient–actor challenged candidates, only 57.1% of them gave a clear and positive answer. Evaluators frequently rated candidate communications skills as superior (≥80%), but ≥1 negative aspect was identified in 69% of the candidates.ConclusionsEthical competencies are mandatory for professional rheumatologists. It seems necessary to include an ethics competency framework in the curriculum throughout the rheumatology residency.

Computer-Aided Generation of Performance Measures for Man-Machine Systems

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Connelly ◽  
Patricia A. Knoop ◽  
Francis J. Bourne ◽  
Diane G. Loental
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Test System ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Objective Performance Measures ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
Candidate Performance

The design, application, and evaluation of man-machine systems are limited by our ability to measure system performance in a reliable and sensitive manner. Without adequate performance measures, there is no way to test system designs, to plan and execute training systems, or to effectively evaluate operational systems. Typically, measures are manually produced by selecting a set of candidate performance measures which are subsequently tested for reliability and validity. Since the measurement value of a given candidate measure is not known until these tests are complete, this process, which may be an iterative process, can be both time consuming and costly. Also, since only a few candidate measures can be investigated manually, there is a high probability that superior measures are not even considered. Automating at least some of the manual operations required can result in improved performance measures in less time and at lower cost. The performance measurement generating processor described in this paper accepts demonstration data representing various levels of performance, and under user control, analyzes the data to provide candidate performance measures. The processor also conducts validation tests and orders candidate measures according to their measurement value. Output from the FORTRAN IV processor includes results from validation tests and specifications for objective performance measures.

scholarly journals Topic-as-script and Topic-as-action in Language Assessment and Teaching

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Seedhouse ◽  
Sumita Supakorn
Keyword(s):  
Language Teaching ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Institutional Goals ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Ordinary Conversation ◽  
Candidate Performance

Abstract‘Topic’ is a construct of great practical importance in the fields of language teaching and assessment. Topic organisation featured prominently as an object of early Conversation Analysis (CA) research (for example in Sacks’s (1992) lectures) but has fallen from the research agenda and become the Cinderella construct in discourse studies in recent years. This article considers two institutional settings in which ‘topic’ is foregrounded and becomes a prominent interactional organisation which drives the institutional business, namely language assessment and language teaching. The argument is that much remains to be discovered about how topic becomes adapted to institutional goals. In these specific settings, topic has developed a ‘dual personality’ in service to the institutional goals; ‘topic-as-script’ is the homogenised topic which examiners give to candidates and teachers give to learners, whereas ‘topic-as-action’ refers to the ways in which candidates and learners talk a topic into being. The movement from ‘topic’ as a single homogeneous script to a heterogeneous series of responses by different learners/candidates (topic-as-action) is the main focus of interest in this study. In both teaching and assessment settings, this transformation of ‘topic’ provides a basis for the analysis and evaluation of learner/candidate performance. Sacks (1992: 541) argues, in relation to ordinary conversation, that topical organisation is an “accessory” to turn-taking and sequence. By contrast, topic is, in the language classroom and language testing settings examined, employed in multiple ways on multiple levels as an organising principle for the interaction; topic is both a vehicle and a focus of the interaction. It is suggested that research into institutional talk should investigate more closely how topic becomes adapted to the institutional goal.

scholarly journals Continuity and Change in the Presidential Money Primary

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 319-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall E. Adkins ◽  
Andrew J. Dowdle
Keyword(s):  
Great Degree ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
National Poll ◽  
Candidate Performance ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

From 1980 to 2000 the candidate that raised the most campaign funds before the start of the primary season tended to win the party nomination. Adkins and Dowdle (2002) found that the positive effect of candidate performance (as measured by national poll results, change in candidate viability, and length of candidacy) and campaign organization (as measured by the amount of money the candidate’s campaign spent on fundraising, size of the candidate’s electoral constituency, and whether the candidate self-financed his campaign) explained much of the variation in fundraising in the months before the Iowa caucuses that make up the money primary. In this research two OLS regression models were generated to examine whether developments such as frontloading and campaign finance reforms, which occurred prior to the 2004 nomination cycle, demonstrated change or continuity in presidential money primary. Overall, the results suggest a great degree of similarity, even though candidates may now be running harder to raise more money in a shorter period of time.

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