Landscape‐scale population connectivity in two parasitoid species associated with the spruce budworm: testing the birdfeeder effect using genetic data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Legault ◽  
Julian Wittische ◽  
Michel Cusson ◽  
Jacques Brodeur ◽  
Patrick M. A. James
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Scale Population

scholarly journals Stirred but not shaken: population and recruitment genetics of the scallop (Pecten fumatus) in Bass Strait, Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2333-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Ovenden ◽  
Bree J. Tillett ◽  
Michael Macbeth ◽  
Damien Broderick ◽  
Fiona Filardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Scale Population

Abstract We report population genetic structure and fine-scale recruitment processes for the scallop beds (Pecten fumatus) in Bass Strait and the eastern coastline of Tasmania in southern Australia. Conventional population pairwise FST analyses are compared with novel discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) to assess population genetic structure using allelic variation in 11 microsatellite loci. Fine-scale population connectivity was compared with oceanic features of the sampled area. Disjunct scallop beds were genetically distinct, but there was little population genetic structure between beds connected by tides and oceanic currents. To identify recruitment patterns among and within beds, pedigree analyses determined the distribution of parent–offspring and sibling relationships in the sampled populations. Beds in northeastern Bass Strait were genetically distinct to adjacent beds (FST 0.003–0.005) and may not contribute to wider recruitment based on biophysical models of larval movement. Unfortunately, pedigree analyses lacked power to further dissect fine-scale recruitment processes including self-recruitment. Our results support the management of disjunct populations as separate stocks and the protection of source populations among open water beds. The application of DAPC and parentage analyses in the current study provided valuable insight into their potential power to determine population connectivity in marine species with larval dispersal.

Long-term variation in white-tailed deer abundance shapes landscape-scale population dynamics of forest-breeding birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 117629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark S. Rushing ◽  
Ronald W. Rohrbaugh ◽  
Cameron J. Fiss ◽  
Christopher S. Rosenberry ◽  
Amanda D. Rodewald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Scale Population

Conservation genetics of Pitcher’s thistle (Cirsium pitcheri), an endangered Great Lakes endemic

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Gauthier ◽  
Emily Crowe ◽  
Lindsey Hawke ◽  
Neil Emery ◽  
Paul Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cirsium Pitcheri ◽  
Pitcher's Thistle

Pitcher's thistle ( Cirsium pitcheri Torr. ex Eaton (Torr. & Gray)) is a Great Lakes endemic that in Canada is designated as threatened at both the provincial (Ontario) and national levels. Management plans will benefit from conservation genetic data, which can provide insight into population genetic diversity and differentiation. We obtained genetic data from nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers from 17 populations of C. pitcheri around the Great Lakes. The nuclear data revealed overall low levels of diversity, high levels of inbreeding, and low levels of population connectivity. The chloroplast data identified a single haplotype, which is consistent with reduced genetic diversity following postglacial colonization. The high levels of inbreeding within populations will likely pose a serious threat to populations in the short term; these have resulted from a combination of low connectivity between populations, and small and fluctuating population sizes. Future management of C. pitcheri populations should consider human-mediated dispersal of plants or seeds among sites.

scholarly journals The Effects of Climate Change on Landscape Connectivity and Genetic Clusters in a Small Subtropical and Warm-Temperate Tree

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bicai Guan ◽  
Jingjing Gao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xi Gong ◽  
Gang Ge
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Climate change is a great threat to global biodiversity and has resulted in serious ecological consequences. Although the potential effects of climate change on genetic diversity have recently received much research attention, little research has focused on the impacts of climate change on genetic connectivity and the relationship between climate stability and genetic divergence. Here, we combined population connectivity with genetic data to predict the impacts of future climate change on genetic connectivity. Coupled with climatic variables and genetic data, we used POPS software to create spatially explicit simulations and predict the dynamics in genetic clusters in response to climate changes. A generalized additive model was employed to test the correlation between climatic stability and genetic diversification. Our findings indicated that a reduction in species distribution due to severe climate change would lead to a substantial loss of genetic connectivity. More severe future climatic scenarios would likely cause greater loss of variability or more distinct homogenization in genetic variation of species. Relatively low interpolated genetic distances are generally associated with areas of greater losses in climatic suitability from the present to the future. The displacement of climatic genetic clusters will challenge species adaptation to future climate change because of the loss of fundamental evolutionary potential. The persistence capacity of plant species may be weakened in the face of future climate change.

Wide-Scale Population Connectivity Revealed by Postnesting Migrations of Green Sea Turtles from Ras Al Hadd, Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas James Pilcher ◽  
Marina A. Antonopoulou ◽  
Clara Jimena Rodriguez-Zarate ◽  
Thuraya Said Al-Sareeria ◽  
Robert Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Wide Scale

scholarly journals Demography, Genetics, and the Value of Mixed Messages

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Pearce ◽  
Sandra L. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Harlequin Ducks ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Mixed Messages

Abstract Iverson et al. (2004) used estimates of the homing rate for molting adult Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in Alaska to draw inferences about population structure. Homing rates, defined as one minus the ratio of birds recaptured elsewhere to those recaptured at the original banding site, were high (0.95–1.00) for males and females. Iverson et al. (2004) concluded that these high rates of homing are indicative of demographic independence among molting groups separated by small distances (tens to hundreds of kilometers) and that conservation efforts should recognize this fine-scale population structure. We re-examined their use of the homing rate, because their assumption of equal detection probability across a wide sampling area could have led to an upward bias in their estimates of site fidelity. As a result, we are hesitant to agree with their conclusion of high adult homing to molting areas and that molt-site fidelity is evidence for demographic independence. Our hesitancy stems from the fact that little is known about juvenile and adult movements within and among years, breeding area origins, and the variation of demographic parameters (e.g., survival and productivity) among molting groups. Furthermore, population genetic data of these molting groups suggest gene flow at both nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Such mixed messages between demographic (i.e., banding) and genetic data are increasingly common in ornithological studies and offer unique opportunities to reassess predictions and make more robust inferences about population structure across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, we stress that it is this broader scale perspective, which combines both demography and genetics, that biologists should seek to quantify and conservation efforts should seek to recognize.

scholarly journals Quantifying and predicting population connectivity of an outbreaking forest insect pest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Larroque ◽  
Julian Wittische ◽  
Patrick M. A. James
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Future Landscape

Abstract Context Dispersal has a key role in the population dynamics of outbreaking species such as the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) as it can synchronize the demography of distant populations and favor the transition from endemic to epidemic states. However, we know very little about how landscape structure influences dispersal in such systems while such knowledge is essential for better forecasting of spatially synchronous population dynamics and to guide management strategies. Objectives We aimed to characterize the spatial environmental determinants of spruce budworm dispersal to determine how these features affect outbreak spread in Quebec (Canada). We then apply our findings to predict expected future landscape connectivity and explore its potential consequences on future outbreaks. Methods We used a machine-learning landscape genetics approach on 447 larvae covering most of the outbreak area and genotyped at 3562 SNP loci to identify the main variables affecting connectivity. Results We found that the connectivity between outbreak populations was driven by the combination of precipitation and host cover. Our forecasting suggests that between the current and next outbreaks, connectivity may increase between Ontario and Quebec, and might decrease in the eastern part, which could have the effect of limiting outbreak spread from Ontario and Quebec to the eastern provinces. Conclusions Although we did not identify any discrete barriers, low connectivity areas might constrain dispersal in the current and future outbreaks and should in turn, be intensively monitored. However, continued sampling as the outbreak progresses is needed to confirm the temporal stability of the observed patterns.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Population Connectivity and Genetic Structure in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Hosseinalizadeh Nobarinezhad ◽  
Lavanya Challagundla ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Scale Population
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