scholarly journals The impact of indoor residual spraying on Plasmodium falciparum microsatellite variation in an area of high seasonal malaria transmission in Ghana, West Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionne C. Argyropoulos ◽  
Shazia Ruybal‐Pesántez ◽  
Samantha L. Deed ◽  
Abraham R. Oduro ◽  
Samuel K Dadzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Microsatellite Variation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection in south-west Burkina Faso - potential impact of expanding eligibility for seasonal malaria chemoprevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L Wilson ◽  
Steve W Lindsay ◽  
Alfred Tiono ◽  
Jean Baptiste Yaro ◽  
Hilary Ranson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
South West ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Burkina Faso has one of the highest malaria burdens in sub-Saharan Africa despite the mass deployment of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and use of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in children aged up to 5 years. Identification of risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in rural Burkina Faso could help to identify and target malaria control measures. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 1,199 children and adults was conducted during the peak malaria transmission season in south-west Burkina Faso in 2017. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for microscopically confirmed P. falciparum infection. A malaria transmission dynamic model was used to determine the impact on malaria cases averted of administering SMC to children aged 5–15 year old. Results P. falciparum prevalence was 32.8% in the study population. Children aged 5 to < 10 years old were at 3.74 times the odds (95% CI = 2.68–5.22, p < 0.001) and children aged 10 to 15 years old at 3.14 times the odds (95% CI = 1.20–8.21, p = 0.02) of P. falciparum infection compared to children aged less than 5 years old. Administration of SMC to children aged up to 10 years is predicted to avert an additional 57 malaria cases per 1000 population per year (9.4% reduction) and administration to children aged up to 15 years would avert an additional 89 malaria cases per 1000 population per year (14.6% reduction) in the Cascades Region, assuming coverage of pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide ITNs. Conclusion Malaria infections were high in all age strata, although highest in children aged 5 to 15 years, despite roll out of core malaria control interventions. Given the burden of infection in school-age children, extension of the eligibility criteria for SMC could help reduce the burden of malaria in Burkina Faso and other countries in the region.

scholarly journals The Impact of 3 Years of Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying With Pirimiphos-Methyl on Malaria Parasite Prevalence in a High-Transmission Area of Northern Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (12) ◽  
pp. 2120-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa A Hast ◽  
Mike Chaponda ◽  
Mbanga Muleba ◽  
Jean-Bertin Kabuya ◽  
James Lupiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Malaria transmission in northern Zambia has increased in the past decade, despite malaria control activities. Evidence-based intervention strategies are needed to effectively reduce malaria transmission. Zambia’s National Malaria Control Centre conducted targeted indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Nchelenge District, Luapula Province, from 2014 to 2016 using the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl. An evaluation of the IRS campaign was conducted by the Southern Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research using actively detected malaria cases in bimonthly household surveys carried out from April 2012 to July 2017. Changes in malaria parasite prevalence after IRS were assessed by season using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors, controlling for clustering of participants in households and demographic, geographical, and climatological covariates. In targeted areas, parasite prevalence declined approximately 25% during the rainy season following IRS with pirimiphos-methyl but did not decline during the dry season or in the overall study area. Within targeted areas, parasite prevalence declined in unsprayed households, suggesting both direct and indirect effects of IRS. The moderate decrease in parasite prevalence within sprayed areas indicates that IRS with pirimiphos-methyl is an effective malaria control measure, but a more comprehensive package of interventions is needed to effectively reduce the malaria burden in this setting.

scholarly journals Lessons learned, challenges and outlooks for decision-making after a decade of experience monitoring the impact of indoor residual spraying in Benin, West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. Akogbéto ◽  
Fortuné Dagnon ◽  
Rock Aïkpon ◽  
Razaki Ossé ◽  
Albert S. Salako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Aggressive mosquito fauna and malaria transmission in a forest area targeted for the creation of an agro-industrial complex in the south of Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
P. Ntonga Akono ◽  
C. Tonga ◽  
O.E. Ngo Hondt ◽  
M.F. Peka Nsangou ◽  
R. Ngaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
The South ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

Baseline entomological information should be collected before the implementation of industrial projects in malaria endemic areas. This allows for subsequent monitoring and evaluation of the project impact on malaria vectors. This study aimed at assessing the vectorial system and malaria transmission in two ecologically different villages of the South-Cameroon forest bloc targeted for the creation of an agro-industrial complex. For four consecutive seasons in 2013, adult mosquitoes were captured using Human Landing Catch in NDELLE village (located along a main road in a degraded forest with many fish ponds) and KOMBO village (located 5km far from the main road in a darker forest and crossed by the Mvobo River). Morpho-taxonomic techniques were used alongside molecular techniques for the identification of mosquito species. ELISA test was used for the detection of circumsporozoite protein antigen of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>. Mosquito biting rate was higher in NDELLE than in KOMBO (28.18 <em>versus</em> 17.34 bites per person per night). Mosquitoes had a strong tendency to endophagy both in NDELLE (73.57%) and KOMBO (70.21%). Three anophelines species were identified; <em>An. gambiae</em>, <em>An. funestus</em> s.s and <em>An. moucheti</em> s.s.. <em>An. gambiae</em> and <em>An. funestus</em> s.s. represented the bulk of aggressive mosquitoes in NDELLE (n=10,891; 96.62%). <em>An. gambiae</em> was responsible for 62.6% and 77.72% of malaria transmission in KOMBO and NDELLE respectively. Mean entomological inoculation rate recorded in KOMBO and NDELLE were 4.82 and 2.02 infective bites per person per night respectively. Vector control was mainly based on the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. The degraded forest environment added to the presence of fishponds resulted in the increase of aggressive mosquito density but not of malaria transmission. The managers should use these data for monitoring and evaluation of the impact of their project; malaria control strategies should be included in their project in order to mitigate the risk of increased malaria transmission as a result of the implementation of their projects.

scholarly journals Good performances but short lasting efficacy of Actellic 50 EC Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) on malaria transmission in Benin, West Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rock Aïkpon ◽  
Michel Sèzonlin ◽  
Filémon Tokponon ◽  
Mariam Okè ◽  
Olivier Oussou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying

scholarly journals Impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria transmission in the Moïssala health district, Chad

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demba Kodindo Israël ◽  
Diomba Dobar Abel ◽  
Adoum Mahamat Oumar ◽  
Moundai Tchonfinet ◽  
Amen Nakebang Fadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Health District ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Short Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroudMalaria is a major public health and development problem in Africa. In Chad in 2016, with 720 765 confirmed cases and 1 686 deaths, malaria is the main cause of consultations, hospitalizations and deaths in health facilities. A longitudinal entomological study was carried out from 07 to 24 December 2016 in the Moïssala health district. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of malaria transmission one year after two cycles of indoor residual spraying of 80% bendiocarb wettable powder (Ficam WP 80 W).MethodsTwo areas were defined for the study: the town of Dembo, located in the sprayed area, was chosen as the test town and Moïssala, located in the untreated area, was chosen as the control town. Two sampling methods were used: collection of resting endophilic fauna and direct capture of aggressive mosquitoes from human subjects. ResultsA total of 16 sessions of catches on human subjects totalling 32 man-nights were conducted and 160 rooms were sprayed per site. For 160 sprayed chambers per site, two anopheles were captured in Dembo compared to 547 in Moïssala. Three anophelian species have been morphologically identified. In Moïssala, An gambiae sl (An colluzzii : 96%, An gambiae : 4%), An funestus and An rufipes were captured at rest in the rooms and on human bait. In Dembo, the two anopheles, An colluzzii and An funestus were captured at rest in the rooms. On human bait as in endophilic fauna, An gambiae sp was the most common species in Moïssala. The aggressive anophelian density was zero in Dembo while it is 9 bites per man per night in Mosesala. Only Anopheles gambiae sp was found infected in aggressive wildlife. The sporozoite index of the aggressive fauna of An gambiae sp was 7.45%. Malaria transmission was estimated at 0.67 infected bites per man per night, or 244.55 infected bites per man per year. In endophilic fauna, An gambiae sp and An rufipes were the two species found infected in Moïssala with sporozoite indices of 6.70% (23/343) and 20% (2/10) respectively. However, in Dembo, neither of the two captured individuals was found infected.ConclusionsThe indoor residual spraying campaign in the eastern zone of the Moïssala health district has led to the collapse of the density and aggressiveness of malaria vectors. However, its evaluation over a short period of time is not sufficient to assess the impact of malaria transmission in this stable and highly endemic malaria zone.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum and genetic profile after artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) deployment in Cameroon for the management of uncomplicated malaria in Children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metoh Theresia Njuabe ◽  
Jun-Hu Chen ◽  
Philip Fon Gah ◽  
Zhou Xia ◽  
Somo.Roger Moyou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
High Identity ◽  
West Region ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Allelic Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Region Ii

Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum is the number one cause of malaria morbidity and mortality. Several methods of intervention have been deployed in Cameroon with an attempt to reduce malaria transmission. But evaluation methods mostly based on microscopy and immunology have proven to be cumbersome and expensive. This study aimed at analyzing the genetic diversity of P.falciparum and the impact of ACTs deployment on MOI Method 350 clinical isolates were collected between 2012 and 2013 and, three P. falciparum loci namely, msp-1(block2), msp-2 (block3), and glurp, (region II) characterized by nested PCR and DNA sequencing. Results From this study, a total of 16 different pfmsp1 were identified, including K1, MAD20 and RO33 allelic families. The K1 and MAD20 were the predominant polymorphic allelic types at the msp-1 gene, whereas alleles belonging to 3D7/IC were more frequent at the msp-2 gene. A peculiarity of this study is that RO33 revealed a monomorphic pattern among the msp-1 allelic type. Msp-1 and msp-2 revealed considerably greater parasite diversity than glurp. A total of 27 different msp-2 genotypes were recorded of which 15 belonged to the 3D7-type and 12 to the FC27 allelic families. Alignment of peptides encoded by pfmsp1 and Pfmsp2 reveals that K1 polymorphism had the highest similarity in the P.fmsp1 and Pfmsp2 clade followed by MAD20 with 93% to 100% homology. Indicating that P. falciparum isolates from Cameroon present high identity with allelic sequences from other areas in Africa, suggesting that vaccine developed with k1 and MAD20 of Pfmsp1 allelic variant could be protective for Africa children. The MOI ranged from 2.51 for msp1 to 3.82 for msp2. The overall heterozygosity ranged from 0.55 for msp-1 to 0.96 for msp-2 consistent with the genetic pattern observed in hyperendemic areas. Conclusion The present study reveals that isolates from South West Region of Cameroon are mainly polyclonal with high MOI and highly diverse in respect to both msp-1 and msp-2 despite ACTs deployment aiming at reducing malaria transmission. This study lays emphasis on the use of MOI and genotyping of both msp-1 and msp-2 in the evaluation of malaria control intervention in malaria endemics countries.

scholarly journals Design and methods for a quasi-experimental pilot study to evaluate the impact of dual active ingredient insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in five regions in sub-Saharan Africa

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adama Gansané ◽  
Baltazar Candrinho ◽  
Aimable Mbituyumuremyi ◽  
Perpetua Uhomoibhi ◽  
Sagnon NFalé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Vector control tools have contributed significantly to a reduction in malaria burden since 2000, primarily through insecticidal-treated bed nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying. In the face of increasing insecticide resistance in key malaria vector species, global progress in malaria control has stalled. Innovative tools, such as dual active ingredient (dual-AI) ITNs that are effective at killing insecticide-resistant mosquitoes have recently been introduced. However, large-scale uptake has been slow for several reasons, including higher costs and limited evidence on their incremental effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The present report describes the design of several observational studies aimed to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dual-AI ITNs, compared to standard pyrethroid-only ITNs, at reducing malaria transmission across a variety of transmission settings. Methods Observational pilot studies are ongoing in Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Rwanda, leveraging dual-AI ITN rollouts nested within the 2019 and 2020 mass distribution campaigns in each country. Enhanced surveillance occurring in select study districts include annual cross-sectional surveys during peak transmission seasons, monthly entomological surveillance, passive case detection using routine health facility surveillance systems, and studies on human behaviour and ITN use patterns. Data will compare changes in malaria transmission and disease burden in districts receiving dual-AI ITNs to similar districts receiving standard pyrethroid-only ITNs over three years. The costs of net distribution will be calculated using the provider perspective including financial and economic costs, and a cost-effectiveness analysis will assess incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for Interceptor® G2, Royal Guard®, and piperonyl butoxide ITNs in comparison to standard pyrethroid-only ITNs, based on incidence rate ratios calculated from routine data. Conclusions Evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the dual-AI ITNs from these pilot studies will complement evidence from two contemporary cluster randomized control trials, one in Benin and one in Tanzania, to provide key information to malaria control programmes, policymakers, and donors to help guide decision-making and planning for local malaria control and elimination strategies. Understanding the breadth of contexts where these dual-AI ITNs are most effective and collecting robust information on factors influencing comparative effectiveness could improve uptake and availability and help maximize their impact.

scholarly journals Baseline entomologic data on malaria transmission in prelude to an indoor residual spraying intervention in the regions of Alibori and Donga, Northern Benin, West Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert S. Salako ◽  
Idelphonse Ahogni ◽  
Casimir Kpanou ◽  
Arthur Sovi ◽  
Roseric Azondekon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document