scholarly journals Effect of social structure and introduction history on genetic diversity and differentiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M. Flucher ◽  
Patrick Krapf ◽  
Wolfgang Arthofer ◽  
Andrew V. Suarez ◽  
Ross H. Crozier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Introduction History

scholarly journals Identification of Main Oyster Species and Comparison of Their Genetic Diversity in Zhejiang Coast, South of Yangtze River Estuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Qinggang Xue ◽  
Hongqiang Xu ◽  
Zhihua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Yangtze River Estuary ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
Oyster Species ◽  
C Subunit

Oysters are an important aquaculture species distributed worldwide, including in Zhejiang Province, located on the east coast of China. Because of the high diversity and complicated introduction history of oysters and their seedlings, there has been much disagreement regarding the origin of each species, and the dominant and indigenous species remain unclear. We sampled 16 batches of oysters from seven sites in three aquaculture bays and found two main oyster species, Crassostrea sikamea and Crassostrea angulata. The former occupied the higher intertidal zone and comprised more than 70% of the cultured oysters. Based on the cytochrome oxidase C subunit I (COI) and mitochondrial noncoding region (MNR), C. sikamea showed higher genetic diversity than C. angulata. The analysis of molecular variance among COI sequences of these species from the Xiangshan Bay populations were comparable to those of other populations and showed that most of the molecular variance was within groups, which was consistent with the low pairwise fixation index FST values. The neutrality test revealed that C. sikamea experienced population expansion events, whereas for C. angulata, the significant Fu’s Fs and non-significant Tajima’s D test results may indicate a possible population expansion event, implying that C. sikamea is likely an indigenous species. The method established based on internal transcribed spacer 1 digestion by the HindIII restriction enzyme is useful for identifying C. sikamea and C. angulata in the local region. The specific primers on the MNR sequence show potential for distinguishing C. sikamea from four other important Crassostrea oysters. These results highlight the abundance of C. sikamea on the Zhejiang coast and lay the foundation for protecting and utilizing the local oyster germplasm resources and for the sustainable development of the oyster industry.

scholarly journals Origin and dispersion pathways of guava in the Galapagos Islands inferred through genetics and historical records

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Urquia ◽  
Bernardo Gutierrez ◽  
Gabriela Pozo ◽  
Maria Pozo ◽  
Maria Torres
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
History Of

Guava (Psidium guajava) is one of the most aggressive invasive plants in the Galapagos Islands. Determining its provenance and genetic diversity could provide valuable information for its control. With this purpose, we analyzed 11 SSR markers in guava individuals collected from Isabela, Santa Cruz, San Cristobal and Floreana islands in the Galapagos, as well as from mainland Ecuador. The mainland guava population appeared genetically differentiated from the Galapagos populations, with higher genetic diversity levels found in the former. By using different approaches for data analysis, we consistently found that the Central Highlands region of mainland Ecuador is one of the most likely origins of the Galapagos populations. Moreover, the guavas from Isabela and Floreana show a potential genetic input from southern mainland Ecuador, while the population from San Cristobal would be linked to the coastal mainland regions. Interestingly, the proposed origins for the Galapagos guava coincide with the first human settlings of the archipelago. By employing Approximate Bayesian Computation, we propose a model where San Cristobal was the first island to be colonized by guava from the mainland, from which it would have spread to Floreana and finally to Santa Cruz; Isabela would have been seeded from Floreana. An independent trajectory could also have contributed in the invasion of Floreana and Isabela. The pathway shown in our model agrees with the human colonization history of the different islands in the Galapagos. Our model, in conjunction with the clustering patterns of the guava individuals (based on genetic distances), suggests that guava introduction history in the Galapagos archipelago was driven predominantly by a single event (or events in rapid succession) instead of several independent introductions. We thus show that genetic analyses supported by historical sources can be used to answer questions on the variability and history of guava in the Galapagos Islands.

scholarly journals Integrating linguistics, social structure, and geography to model genetic diversity within India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aritra Bose ◽  
Daniel E. Platt ◽  
Laxmi Parida ◽  
Petros Drineas ◽  
Peristera Paschou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Genetic Substructure ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractIndia represents an intricate tapestry of population substructure shaped by geography, language, culture and social stratification. While geography closely correlates with genetic structure in other parts of the world, the strict endogamy imposed by the Indian caste system and the large number of spoken languages add further levels of complexity to understand Indian population structure. To date, no study has attempted to model and evaluate how these factors have interacted to shape the patterns of genetic diversity within India. We merged all publicly available data from the Indian subcontinent into a data set of 891 individuals from 90 well-defined groups. Bringing together geography, genetics and demographic factors, we developed COGG (Correlation Optimization of Genetics and Geodemographics) to build a model that explains the observed population genetic substructure. We show that shared language along with social structure have been the most powerful forces in creating paths of gene flow in the subcontinent. Furthermore, we discover the ethnic groups that best capture the diverse genetic substructure highlighted by COGG. Integrating data from India with a data set of additional 1,323 individuals from 50 populations we find that Europeans show shared genetic drift with the Indo-European and Dravidian speakers of India, whereas the East Asians have the maximum shared genetic drift with Tibeto-Burman speaking tribal groups.

Genetic diversity, social structure, and conservation value of the elephants of the Nakai Plateau, Lao PDR, based on non-invasive sampling

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa A. Ahlering ◽  
Simon Hedges ◽  
Arlyne Johnson ◽  
Martin Tyson ◽  
Stephanie G. Schuttler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Epigenetic Variation May Compensate for Decreased Genetic Variation with Introductions: A Case Study Using House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) on Two Continents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron W. Schrey ◽  
Courtney A. C. Coon ◽  
Michael T. Grispo ◽  
Mohammed Awad ◽  
Titus Imboma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Epigenetic Variation ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
Outlier Loci

Epigenetic mechanisms impact several phenotypic traits and may be important for ecology and evolution. The introduced house sparrow (Passer domesticus) exhibits extensive phenotypic variation among and within populations. We screened methylation in populations from Kenya and Florida to determine if methylation varied among populations, varied with introduction history (Kenyan invasion <50 years old, Florida invasion ~150 years old), and could potentially compensate for decrease genetic variation with introductions. While recent literature has speculated on the importance of epigenetic effects for biological invasions, this is the first such study among wild vertebrates. Methylation was more frequent in Nairobi, and outlier loci suggest that populations may be differentiated. Methylation diversity was similar between populations, in spite of known lower genetic diversity in Nairobi, which suggests that epigenetic variation may compensate for decreased genetic diversity as a source of phenotypic variation during introduction. Our results suggest that methylation differences may be common among house sparrows, but research is needed to discern whether methylation impacts phenotypic variation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document