scholarly journals Telomere length is highly heritable and independent of growth rate manipulated by temperature in field crickets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle Boonekamp ◽  
Rolando Rodríguez‐Muñoz ◽  
Paul Hopwood ◽  
Erica Zuidersma ◽  
Ellis Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Field Crickets

scholarly journals Telomere length is highly heritable and independent of growth rate manipulated by temperature in field crickets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle Boonekamp ◽  
Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz ◽  
Paul Hopwood ◽  
Erica Zuidersma ◽  
Ellis Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Telomere Biology

AbstractMany organisms are capable of growing faster than they do. Restrained growth rate has functionally been explained by negative effects on lifespan of accelerated growth. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Telomere attrition has been proposed as a causal agent and has been studied in endothermic vertebrates. We established that telomeres exist as chromosomal-ends in a model insect, the field cricket, using terminal restriction fragment and Bal 31 methods. Telomeres comprised TTAGGn repeats of 38kb on average, more than four times longer than the telomeres of human infants. Bal 31 assays confirmed that telomeric repeats were located at the chromosome-ends. We tested whether rapid growth is achieved at the expense of telomere length by comparing crickets reared at 23°C with their siblings reared at 28°C, which grew three times faster. Surprisingly, neither temperature treatment nor age affected average telomere length. Concomitantly, the broad sense heritability of telomere length was remarkably high at ~100%. Despite high heritability, the evolvability (a mean standardized measure of genetic variance) was low relative to that of body mass. We discuss the different interpretations of these scaling methods in the context of telomere evolution. It is clear that some important features of vertebrate telomere biology are evident in an insect species dating back to the Triassic, but also that there are some striking differences. The apparent lack of an effect of growth rate and the total number of cell divisions on telomere length is puzzling, suggesting that telomere length could be actively maintained during the growth phase. Whether such maintenance of telomere length is adaptive remains elusive and requires further study investigating the links with fitness in the wild.

scholarly journals Interactions between parental traits, environmental harshness and growth rate in determining telomere length in wild juvenile salmon

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5425-5438 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McLennan ◽  
J. D. Armstrong ◽  
D. C. Stewart ◽  
S. Mckelvey ◽  
W. Boner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Juvenile Salmon

Effects of age, temperature, and previous infection on the development of Physaloptera maxillaris (Nematoda: Physalopteroidea) in field crickets (Acheta pennsylvanicus)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cawthorn ◽  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Larval Length ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Final Length

Larvae of Physaloptera maxillaris developed to the stage infective to skunk in only 9 days in adult crickets held at 30 °C. The growth rate and final length of third-stage larvae of P. maxillaris were greater in adult crickets held at higher temperatures (i.e. 30 °C) than at lower temperatures (i.e. 20.25 °C).Crickets as young as 1 week of age were successfully infected with P. maxillaris. Third-stage larvae that were recovered from older nymphs tended to be shorter than larvae in younger nymphs. There was no correlation between mean larval length at 25 days after infection, and the total number of larvae per cricket in older nymphs. Adult and nymphal crickets were successfully given challenge infections.

scholarly journals Antioxidants safeguard telomeres in bold chicks

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 20150211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin-Yeon Kim ◽  
Alberto Velando
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

Telomeres are sensitive to damage induced by oxidative stress, and thus it is expected that dietary antioxidants may support the maintenance of telomere length in animals, particularly those with a fast rate of life (e.g. fast metabolism, activity and growth). We tested experimentally the effect of antioxidant supplements on telomere length during early development in wild gull chicks with natural individual variations in behaviour pattern and growth rate. Proactive chicks had shorter telomeres than reactive chicks, but the penalty for the bold behaviour pattern was reduced by antioxidant supplementation. Chicks growing faster had longer telomeres during early growth, suggesting that inherited quality supports a fast life history.

scholarly journals Associations between DNA methylation and telomere length during early life: insight from wild zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sheldon ◽  
Riccardo Ton ◽  
Winnie Boner ◽  
Pat Monaghan ◽  
Shirley Raveh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions ◽  
Length Changes

Telomere length and DNA methylation (DNAm) are two promising biomarkers of biological age. Environmental factors and life history traits are known to affect variation in both these biomarkers, especially during early life, yet surprisingly little is known about their reciprocal association. Here, we present the first study on a natural population to explore how variation in DNAm, growth rate and early-life conditions are associated with telomere length changes during development. We tested these associations by collecting data from wild, nestling zebra finches in the Australian desert. We found that increases in the level of DNAm were negatively correlated with telomere length changes across early life. We also confirm previously documented effects of post hatch growth rate and clutch size on telomere length in a natural ecological context for a species that has been extensively studied in the laboratory. However, we did not detect any effect of ambient temperature during developmental on telomere dynamics. We also found that the absolute telomere length of wild zebra finches, measured using the in-gel TRF method, was similar to that of captive birds. Our findings highlight exciting new opportunities to link and disentangle potential relationships between environmental, epigenetic and telomere length dynamics during early life.

scholarly journals Sex-specific effects of the in ovo environment on early-life phenotypes in eiders

Oecologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Öst ◽  
Kristina Noreikiene ◽  
Frederic Angelier ◽  
Kim Jaatinen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Specific Effects

AbstractMaternal effects affect offspring phenotype and fitness. However, the roles of offspring sex-specific sensitivity to maternal glucocorticoids and sex-biased maternal investment remain unclear. It is also uncertain whether telomere length (a marker associated with lifespan) depends on early growth in a sex-specific manner. We assessed whether maternal traits including corticosterone (CORT; the main avian glucocorticoid) and in ovo growth rate are sex-specifically related to offspring CORT exposure, relative telomere length (RTL) and body condition in eiders (Somateria mollissima). We measured feather CORT (fCORT), RTL and body condition of newly hatched ducklings, and growth rate in ovo was expressed as tarsus length at hatching per incubation duration. Maternal traits included baseline plasma CORT, RTL, body condition and breeding experience. We found that fCORT was negatively associated with growth rate in daughters, while it showed a positive association in sons. Lower offspring fCORT was associated with higher maternal baseline plasma CORT, and fCORT was higher in larger clutches and in those hatching later. The RTL of daughters was negatively associated with maternal RTL, whereas that of males was nearly independent of maternal RTL. Higher fCORT in ovo was associated with longer RTL at hatching in both sexes. Duckling body condition was mainly explained by egg weight, and sons had a slightly lower body condition. Our correlational results suggest that maternal effects may have heterogeneous and even diametrically opposed effects between the sexes during early development. Our findings also challenge the view that prenatal CORT exposure is invariably associated with shorter telomeres.

scholarly journals Tetrahymena Mutants With Short Telomeres

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-650
Author(s):  
Shawn Ahmed ◽  
Hong Sheng ◽  
Luming Niu ◽  
Eric Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Telomerase Rna ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Variant Cell ◽  
Length Regulation ◽  
Telomere Length Regulation

Abstract Telomere length is dynamic in many organisms. Genetic screens that identify mutants with altered telomere lengths are essential if we are to understand how telomere length is regulated in vivo. In Tetrahymena thermophila, telomeres become long at 30°, and growth rate slows. A slow-growing culture with long telomeres is often overgrown by a variant cell type with short telomeres and a rapid-doubling rate. Here we show that this variant cell type with short telomeres is in fact a mutant with a genetic defect in telomere length regulation. One of these telomere growth inhibited forever (tgi) mutants was heterozygous for a telomerase RNA mutation, and this mutant telomerase RNA caused telomere shortening when overexpressed in wild-type cells. Several other tgi mutants were also likely to be heterozygous at their mutant loci, since they reverted to wild type when selective pressure for short telomeres was removed. These results illustrate that telomere length can regulate growth rate in Tetrahymena and that this phenomenon can be exploited to identify genes involved in telomere length regulation.

The threshold energy for atom displacement in fcc metals

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
Wilfried Sigle ◽  
Matthias Hohenstein ◽  
Alfred Seeger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Threshold Energy ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Atom Displacement ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Fcc Metal

Prolonged electron irradiation of metals at elevated temperatures usually leads to the formation of large interstitial-type dislocation loops. The growth rate of the loops is proportional to the total cross-section for atom displacement,which is implicitly connected with the threshold energy for atom displacement, Ed . Thus, by measuring the growth rate as a function of the electron energy and the orientation of the specimen with respect to the electron beam, the anisotropy of Ed can be determined rather precisely. We have performed such experiments in situ in high-voltage electron microscopes on Ag and Au at 473K as a function of the orientation and on Au as a function of temperature at several fixed orientations.Whereas in Ag minima of Ed are found close to <100>,<110>, and <210> (13-18eV), (Fig.1) atom displacement in Au requires least energy along <100>(15-19eV) (Fig.2). Au is thus the first fcc metal in which the absolute minimum of the threshold energy has been established not to lie in or close to the <110> direction.

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