scholarly journals Gene expression remodelling and immune response during adaptive divergence in an African cichlid fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-296
Author(s):  
Jelena Rajkov ◽  
Athimed El Taher ◽  
Astrid Böhne ◽  
Walter Salzburger ◽  
Bernd Egger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
African Cichlid

scholarly journals Plasticity of the Reproductive Axis Caused by Social Status Change in an African Cichlid Fish: II. Testicular Gene Expression and Spermatogenesis

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen P. Maruska ◽  
Russell D. Fernald
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Status Change ◽  
African Cichlid ◽  
Reproductive Axis

Abstract Reproduction in all vertebrates is controlled by the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis, which is regulated socially in males of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. Although social information influences GnRH1 neurons at the apex of the BPG axis, little is known about how the social environment and dominance affects the cellular and molecular composition of the testes to regulate reproductive capacity. We created an opportunity for reproductively suppressed males to ascend in status and then measured changes in gene expression and tissue morphology to discover how quickly the perception of this opportunity can influence the testes. Our results show rapid up-regulation of mRNA levels of FSH receptor and several steroid receptor subtypes in the testes during social ascent. In contrast, LH receptor was not elevated until 72 h after ascent, but this increase was coincident with elevated circulating androgens and early stages of spermatogenesis, suggesting a role in steroidogenesis. The spermatogenic potential of the testes, as measured by cellular composition, was also elevated before the overall increase in testes size. The presence of cysts at all stages of spermatogenesis, coupled with lower levels of gonadotropin and steroid receptors in subordinate males, suggests that the BPG axis and spermatogenesis are maintained at a subthreshold level in anticipation of the chance to gain a territory and become reproductively active. Our results show that the testis is stimulated extremely quickly after perception of social opportunity, presumably to allow suppressed males to rapidly achieve high reproductive success in a dynamic social environment.

Adaptive divergence between lake and stream populations of an East African cichlid fish

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (21) ◽  
pp. 5304-5322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Theis ◽  
Fabrizia Ronco ◽  
Adrian Indermaur ◽  
Walter Salzburger ◽  
Bernd Egger
Keyword(s):  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
East African ◽  
African Cichlid

Social Regulation of Gene Expression in the African Cichlid Fish

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen P. Maruska ◽  
Russell D. Fernald
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
African Cichlid ◽  
The Brain

How does an animal’s social environment shape its behavior and physiology, and what underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms lead to phenotypic changes? To address this question, the authors used a model system that exhibits socially regulated plastic phenotypes, behavioral complexity, molecular level access, and genomic resources. The African cichlid fishAstatotilapia burtoni, in which male status and reproductive physiology are under social control, has become an important model for studying the mechanisms that regulate complex social behaviors. This chapter reviews what is known about how information from the social environment produces changes in behavior, physiology, and gene expression profiles in the brain and reproductive axis ofA. burtoni. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for translating perception of social cues into molecular change in a model vertebrate is important for identifying selective pressures and evolutionary mechanisms that shape the brain and ultimately result in diverse and complex social behaviors.

A Role for Oxytocin-Like Receptor in Social Habituation in a Teleost

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea A. Weitekamp ◽  
Tessa K. Solomon-Lane ◽  
Pamela Del Valle ◽  
Zegni Triki ◽  
Bridget M. Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
African Cichlid ◽  
Astatotilapia Burtoni

Oxytocin (OT) mediates social habituation in rodent model systems, but its role in mediating this effect in other vertebrates is unknown. We used males of the African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, to investigate two aspects of isotocin (IT; an OT homolog) signaling in social habituation. First, we examined the expression of IT receptor 2 (ITR2) as well as two immediate early genes in brain regions implicated in social recognition. Next, we examined IT neuron activity using immunohistochemistry. Patterns of gene expression in homologs of the amygdala and hippocampus implicate IT signaling in these regions in social habituation to a territorial neighbor. In the preoptic area, the expression of the ITR2 subtype and IT neuron activity respond to the presence of a male, independent of familiarity. Our results implicate IT in mediating social habituation in a teleost.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Immune Response by Deferasirox in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hana Votavova ◽  
Zuzana Urbanova ◽  
David Kundrat ◽  
Michaela Dostalova Merkerova ◽  
Martin Vostry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Multiple Cancer

Deferasirox (DFX) is an oral iron chelator used to reduce iron overload (IO) caused by frequent blood cell transfusions in anemic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. To study the molecular mechanisms by which DFX improves outcome in MDS, we analyzed the global gene expression in untreated MDS patients and those who were given DFX treatment. The gene expression profiles of bone marrow CD34+ cells were assessed by whole-genome microarrays. Initially, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined between patients with normal ferritin levels and those with IO to address the effect of excessive iron on cellular pathways. These DEGs were annotated to Gene Ontology terms associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, adaptive immune response and protein folding and were enriched in cancer-related pathways. The deregulation of multiple cancer pathways in iron-overloaded patients suggests that IO is a cofactor favoring the progression of MDS. The DEGs between patients with IO and those treated with DFX were involved predominantly in biological processes related to the immune response and inflammation. These data indicate DFX modulates the immune response mainly via neutrophil-related genes. Suppression of negative regulators of blood cell differentiation essential for cell maturation and upregulation of heme metabolism observed in DFX-treated patients may contribute to the hematopoietic improvement.

scholarly journals Protein citrullination as a source of cancer neoantigens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e002549
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Katayama ◽  
Makoto Kobayashi ◽  
Ehsan Irajizad ◽  
Alejandro Sevillarno ◽  
Nikul Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Mhc Ii

BackgroundCitrulline post-translational modification of proteins is mediated by protein arginine deiminase (PADI) family members and has been associated with autoimmune diseases. The role of PADI-citrullinome in immune response in cancer has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that PADI-mediated citrullinome is a source of neoantigens in cancer that induces immune response.MethodsProtein expression of PADI family members was evaluated in 196 cancer cell lines by means of indepth proteomic profiling. Gene expression was assessed using messenger RNA data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunohistochemical analysis of PADI2 and peptidyl-citrulline was performed using breast cancer tissue sections. Citrullinated 12–34-mer peptides in the putative Major Histocompatibility Complex-II (MHC-II) binding range were profiled in breast cancer cell lines to investigate the relationship between protein citrullination and antigen presentation. We further evaluated immunoglobulin-bound citrullinome by mass spectrometry using 156 patients with breast cancer and 113 cancer-free controls.ResultsProteomic and gene expression analyses revealed PADI2 to be highly expressed in several cancer types including breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of 422 breast tumor tissues revealed increased expression of PADI2 in ER− tumors (p<0.0001); PADI2 protein expression was positively correlated (p<0.0001) with peptidyl-citrulline staining. PADI2 expression exhibited strong positive correlations with a B cell immune signature and with MHC-II-bound citrullinated peptides. Increased circulating citrullinated antigen–antibody complexes occurred among newly diagnosed breast cancer cases relative to controls (p=0.0012).ConclusionsAn immune response associated with citrullinome is a rich source of neoantigens in breast cancer with a potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

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