Interactions among Triatoma sanguisuga blood feeding sources, gut microbiota and Trypanosoma cruzi diversity in southern Louisiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 3747-3761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Dumonteil ◽  
Henry Pronovost ◽  
Eli F. Bierman ◽  
Anna Sanford ◽  
Alicia Majeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Feeding Sources ◽  
Southern Louisiana

scholarly journals Diversity and interactions among triatomine bugs, their blood feeding sources, gut microbiota and Trypanosoma cruzi in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claribel Murillo-Solano ◽  
Jaime López-Domínguez ◽  
Rafael Gongora ◽  
Andres Rojas-Gulloso ◽  
Jose Usme-Ciro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Feeding Sources

AbstractChagas disease remains a major neglected disease in Colombia. We aimed to characterize Trypanosoma cruzi transmission networks in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) region, to shed light on disease ecology and help optimize control strategies. Triatomines were collected in rural communities and analyzed for blood feeding sources, parasite diversity and gut microbiota composition through a metagenomic and deep sequencing approach. Triatoma dimidiata predominated, followed by Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma maculata, Rhodnius pallescens, Panstrongylus geniculatus and Eratyrus cuspidatus. Twenty-two species were identified as blood sources, resulting in an integrated transmission network with extensive connectivity among sylvatic and domestic host species. Only TcI parasites were detected, predominantly from TcIb but TcIa was also reported. The close relatedness of T. cruzi strains further supported the lack of separate transmission cycles according to habitats or triatomine species. Triatomine microbiota varied according to species, developmental stage and T. cruzi infection. Bacterial families correlated with the presence/absence of T. cruzi were identified. In conclusion, we identified a domestic transmission cycle encompassing multiple vector species and tightly connected with sylvatic hosts in the SNSM region, rather than an isolated domestic transmission cycle. Therefore, integrated interventions targeting all vector species and their contact with humans should be considered.

scholarly journals Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans and high levels of human–vector contact across a rural-to-urban gradient in the Argentine Chaco

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Alvedro ◽  
María Sol Gaspe ◽  
Hannah Milbourn ◽  
Natalia Paula Macchiaverna ◽  
Mariano Alberto Laiño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Urban Gradient ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Feeding Sources

Abstract Background Peri-urban and urban settings have recently gained more prominence in studies on vector-borne transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi due to sustained rural-to-urban migrations and reports of urban infestations with triatomines. Prompted by the finding of Triatoma infestans across the rural-to-urban gradient in Avia Terai, an endemic municipality of the Argentine Chaco, we assessed selected components of domestic transmission risk in order to determine its variation across the gradient. Methods A baseline vector survey was conducted between October 2015 and March 2016, following which we used multistage random sampling to select a representative sample of T. infestans at the municipal level. We assessed T. cruzi infection and blood-feeding sources of 561 insects collected from 109 houses using kinetoplast DNA-PCR assays and direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. We stratified triatomines according to their collection site (domestic or peridomestic), and we further categorized peridomestic sites in ecotopes of low- or high-risk for T. cruzi infection. Results The overall adjusted prevalence of T. cruzi-infected T. infestans was 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–2.3) and did not differ between peri-urban (1.7%) and rural (2.2%) environments. No infection was detected in bugs captured in the urban setting; rather, infected triatomines were mainly collected in rural and peri-urban domiciles, occurring in 8% of T. infestans-infested houses. The main blood-feeding sources of domestic and peridomestic triatomines across the gradient were humans and chickens, respectively. The proportion of triatomines that had fed on humans did not differ between peri-urban (62.5%) and rural (65.7%) domiciles, peaking in the few domestic triatomines collected in urban houses and decreasing significantly with an increasing proportion of chicken- and dog- or cat-fed bugs. The relative odds ratio (OR) of having a T. cruzi infection was nearly threefold higher in bugs having a blood meal on humans (OR 3.15), dogs (OR 2.80) or cats (OR: 4.02) in a Firth-penalized multiple logistic model. Conclusions Trypanosoma cruzi transmission was likely occurring both in peri-urban and rural houses of Avia Terai. Widespread infestation in a third of urban blocks combined with high levels of human–triatomine contact in the few infested domiciles implies a threat to urban inhabitants. Vector control strategies and surveillance originally conceived for rural areas should be tailored to peri-urban and urban settings in order to achieve sustainable interruption of domestic transmission in the Chaco region.

scholarly journals Targeting the Gut Microbiota in Chagas Disease: What Do We Know so Far?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Duarte-Silva ◽  
Livia H. Morais ◽  
Gerard Clarke ◽  
Wilson Savino ◽  
Christina Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Chagas disease (CD) is a tropical and still neglected disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi that affects >8 million of people worldwide. Although limited, emerging data suggest that gut microbiota dysfunction may be a new mechanism underlying CD pathogenesis. T. cruzi infection leads to changes in the gut microbiota composition of vector insects, mice, and humans. Alterations in insect and mice microbiota due to T. cruzi have been associated with a decreased immune response against the parasite, influencing the establishment and progression of infection. Further, changes in the gut microbiota are linked with inflammatory and neuropsychiatric disorders, comorbid conditions in CD. Therefore, this review article critically analyses the current data on CD and the gut microbiota of insects, mice, and humans and discusses its importance for CD pathogenesis. An enhanced understanding of host microbiota will be critical for the development of alternative therapeutic approaches to target CD, such as gut microbiota-directed interventions.

Ectoparasitic chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae), lice (Phthiraptera), and Hemiptera (Cimicidae and Reduviidae) from South Carolina, U.S.A.

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 647 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILL K. REEVES ◽  
LANCE A. DURDEN ◽  
WILLIAM J. WRENN
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
The State ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Animal Pathogens

We report on the distribution of 15 chiggers, 31 lice of mammals, and 7 blood feeding hemipteran species in South Carolina. Some of these arthropods are vectors of pathogens to humans and domestic animals. Both Triatoma lecticularia and T. sanguisuga were reported from houses and these bugs are potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. We also report on the continued presence of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, in homes across the state. In addition we found the lice Haematopinus suis, Neohaematopinus sciuropteri, Pediculis humanus, Polyplax spinulosa, and Trichodectes canis, all of which are vectors or intermediate hosts of human or animal pathogens.

scholarly journals Untangling the transmission dynamics of primary and secondary vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Colombia: parasite infection, feeding sources and discrete typing units

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Hernández ◽  
Camilo Salazar ◽  
Helena Brochero ◽  
Aníbal Teherán ◽  
Luz Stella Buitrago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Feeding Sources

scholarly journals The potential risk of enzootic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission inside four training and re-training military battalions (BITER) in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Cantillo-Barraza ◽  
Jeffer Torres ◽  
Carolina Hernández ◽  
Yanira Romero ◽  
Sara Zuluaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
The Military ◽  
Feeding Sources

Abstract Background Colombia’s National Army is one of the largest military institutions in the country based on the number of serving members and its presence throughout the country. There have been reports of cases of acute or chronic cases of Chagas disease among active military personnel. These may be the result of military-associated activities performed in jungles and other endemic areas or the consequence of exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi inside military establishments/facilities located in endemic areas. The aim of the present study was to describe the circulation of T. cruzi inside facilities housing four training and re-training battalions [Battalions of Instruction, Training en Re-training (BITERs)] located in municipalities with historical reports of triatomine bugs and Chagas disease cases. An entomological and faunal survey of domestic and sylvatic environments was conducted inside each of these military facilities. Methods Infection in working and stray dogs present in each BITER location was determined using serological and molecular tools, and T. cruzi in mammal and triatomine bug samples was determined by PCR assay. The PCR products of the vertebrate 12S rRNA gene were also obtained and subjected to Sanger sequencing to identify blood-feeding sources. Finally, we performed a geospatial analysis to evaluate the coexistence of infected triatomines and mammals with the military personal inside of each BITER installation. Results In total, 86 specimens were collected: 82 Rhodnius pallescens, two Rhodnius prolixus, one Triatoma dimidiata and one Triatoma maculata. The overall T. cruzi infection rate for R. pallescens and R. prolixus was 56.1 and 100% respectively, while T. dimidiata and T. maculata were not infected. Eight feeding sources were found for the infected triatomines, with opossum and humans being the most frequent sources of feeding (85.7%). Infection was most common in the common opossum Didelphis marsupialis, with infection levels of 77.7%. Sylvatic TcI was the most frequent genotype, found in 80% of triatomines and 75% of D. marsupialis. Of the samples collected from dogs (n = 52), five (9.6%; 95% confidence interval: 3.20–21.03) were seropositive based on two independent tests. Four of these dogs were creole and one was a working dog. The spatial analysis revealed a sympatry between infected vectors and mammals with the military population. Conclusions We have shown a potential risk of spillover of sylvatic T. cruzi transmission to humans by oral and vectorial transmission in two BITER installations in Colombia. The results indicate that installations where 100,000 active military personnel carry out training activities should be prioritized for epidemiological surveillance of Chagas disease. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Salivary and Intestinal Transcriptomes Reveal Differential Gene Expression in Starving, Fed and Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Rhodnius neglectus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamires Marielem Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Rafael Destro Rosa Tiveron ◽  
Maria Tays Mendes ◽  
Cecília Gomes Barbosa ◽  
Jessica Coraiola Nevoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Antigen 5

Rhodnius neglectus is a potential vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc), the causative agent of Chagas disease. The salivary glands (SGs) and intestine (INT) are actively required during blood feeding. The saliva from SGs is injected into the vertebrate host, modulating immune responses and favoring feeding for INT digestion. Tc infection significantly alters the physiology of these tissues; however, studies that assess this are still scarce. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the global transcriptional expression of genes in SGs and INT during fasting (FA), fed (FE), and fed in the presence of Tc (FE + Tc) conditions. In FA, the expression of transcripts related to homeostasis maintenance proteins during periods of stress was predominant. Therefore, the transcript levels of Tret1-like and Hsp70Ba proteins were increased. Blood appeared to be responsible for alterations found in the FE group, as most of the expressed transcripts, such as proteases and cathepsin D, were related to digestion. In FE + Tc group, there was a decreased expression of blood processing genes for insect metabolism (e.g., Antigen-5 precursor, Pr13a, and Obp), detoxification (Sult1) in INT and acid phosphatases in SG. We also found decreased transcriptional expression of lipocalins and nitrophorins in SG and two new proteins, pacifastin and diptericin, in INT. Several transcripts of unknown proteins with investigative potential were found in both tissues. Our results also show that the presence of Tc can change the expression in both tissues for a long or short period of time. While SG homeostasis seems to be re-established on day 9, changes in INT are still evident. The findings of this study may be used for future research on parasite-vector interactions and contribute to the understanding of food physiology and post-meal/infection in triatomines.

scholarly journals Studies on the Feeding Habits ofLutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis(Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Populations from Endemic Areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Martins dos Santos Afonso ◽  
Rosemere Duarte ◽  
José Carlos Miranda ◽  
Lindenbergh Caranha ◽  
Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Feeding Sources

The aim of this study was to identify potential blood feeding sources ofL. (L.) longipalpisspecimens from populations in Northeastern Brazil, endemic areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) and its correlation with the transmission ofL. (L.) i. chagasi. The ELISA technique was applied using bird, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent antisera to analyze 609 females, resulting in an overall positivity of 60%. In all municipalities, females showed higher positivity for bird followed by dog antiserum and sand fly specimens were also positive for equine, feline, human, sheep, goat, opossum, and rodent antisera. The finding for 17 combinations of two or three types of blood in some females corroborates the opportunistic habit of this sand fly species. The results demonstrating the association betweenL. (L.) longipalpisand opossum suggest the need for further evaluation of the real role of this synanthropic mammal in the eco-epidemiology of AVL.

scholarly journals High prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in shelter dogs from southern Louisiana, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardem Elmayan ◽  
Weihong Tu ◽  
Brandy Duhon ◽  
Preston Marx ◽  
Wendy Wolfson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
Cruzi Infection ◽  
Southern Louisiana
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