scholarly journals Natural variation in stomata size contributes to the local adaptation of water-use efficiency inArabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (20) ◽  
pp. 4052-4065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Dittberner ◽  
Arthur Korte ◽  
Tabea Mettler-Altmann ◽  
Andreas P. M. Weber ◽  
Grey Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Natural variation in stomata size contributes to the local adaptation of water-use efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dittberner ◽  
A. Korte ◽  
T. Mettler-Altmann ◽  
A.P.M. Weber ◽  
G. Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractStomata control gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. How natural variation in stomata size and density contributes to resolve trade-offs between carbon uptake and water-loss in response to local climatic variation is not yet understood. We developed an automated confocal microscopy approach to characterize natural genetic variation in stomatal patterning in 330 fully-sequenced Arabidopsis thaliana accessions collected throughout the European range of the species. We compared this to variation in water-use efficiency, measured as carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C). We detect substantial genetic variation for stomata size and density segregating within Arabidopsis thaliana. A positive correlation between stomata size and δ13C further suggests that this variation has consequences on water-use efficiency. Genome-wide association analyses indicate a complex genetic architecture underlying not only variation in stomata patterning but also to its co-variation with carbon uptake parameters. Yet, we report two novel QTL affecting δ13C independently of stomata patterning. This suggests that, in A. thaliana, both morphological and physiological variants contribute to genetic variance in water-use efficiency. Patterns of regional differentiation and co-variation with climatic parameters indicate that natural selection has contributed to shape some of this variation, especially in Southern Sweden, where water availability is more limited in spring relative to summer. These conditions are expected to favor the evolution of drought avoidance mechanisms over drought escape strategies.

scholarly journals Characterizing Water Use Efficiency and Water Deficit Responses in Apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh. and Malus sieversii Ledeb.) M. Roem.

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole L. Bassett ◽  
D. Michael Glenn ◽  
Philip L. Forsline ◽  
Michael E. Wisniewski ◽  
Robert E. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Use Efficiency

Reduced availability of water for agricultural use has been forecast for much of the planet as a result of global warming and greater urban demand for water in large metropolitan areas. Strategic improvement of water use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance in perennial crops, like fruit trees, could reduce water use without compromising yield or quality. We studied water use in apple trees using ‘Royal Gala’, a relatively water use-efficient cultivar, as a standard. To examine whether genes useful for improving WUE are represented in a wild relative genetically close to M. ×domestica, we surveyed Malus sieversii for traits associated with WUE and drought resistance using material collected from xeric sites in Kazakhstan. This collection has been maintained in Geneva, NY, and surveyed for various phenotypes and has been genetically characterized using simple sequence repeats (SSRs). These data suggest that most of the diversity in this population is contained within a subpopulation of 34 individuals. Analysis of this subpopulation for morphological traits traditionally associated with WUE or drought resistance, e.g., leaf size and stomata size and arrangement, indicated that these traits were not substantially different. These results imply that some of the genetic diversity may be associated with changes in the biochemistry, uptake, and/or transport of water, carbon, or oxygen that have allowed these trees to survive in water-limited environments. Furthermore, genes responding to drought treatment were isolated from ‘Royal Gala’ and categorized according to the biological processes with which they are associated. A large fraction of upregulated genes from roots were identified as stress-responsive, whereas genes from leaves were for the most part associated with photosynthesis. We plan to examine expression of these genes in the M. sieversii population during water deficit in future studies to compare their patterns of expression with ‘Royal Gala’.

scholarly journals Expression profiling and local adaptation of Boechera holboellii populations for water use efficiency across a naturally occurring water stress gradient

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES A. KNIGHT ◽  
HEIKO VOGEL ◽  
JUERGEN KROYMANN ◽  
ALICE SHUMATE ◽  
HANNEKE WITSENBOER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Use Efficiency

Increasing intrinsic water-use efficiency over the past 160 years does not stimulate tree growth in southeastern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Guo ◽  
K Fang ◽  
J Li ◽  
HW Linderholm ◽  
D Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

A comparative appraisal of urea super granule application in raised bed and prilled urea application in conventional planting for transplanted boro rice (Oryza sativa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 822-832
Author(s):  
Halim Mahmud Bhuyan ◽  
Most. Razina Ferdousi ◽  
Mohammad Toufiq Iqbal ◽  
Ahmed Khairul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Boro Rice

Utilization of urea super granule (USG) with raised bed cultivation system for transplanted boro (winter, irrigated) rice production is a major concern now days. A field experiment was conducted in the chuadanga district of Bangladesh to compare the two cultivation methods: deep placement of USG on raised bed with boro rice, and prilled urea (PU) broadcasting in conventional planting. Results showed that USG in raised bed planting increased grain yields of transplanted boro rice by up to 18.18% over PU in conventional planting. Deep placement of USG in raised bed planting increased the number of panicle m-2, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grains weight of boro rice than the PU in conventional planting. Better plant growth was observed by deep placement of USG in raised bed planting compared to PU in conventional planting. Sterility percentage and weed infestation were lower on USG in raised bed planting compared to the PU in conventional planting methods. Forty seven percent irrigation water and application time could be saved by USG in raised bed planting than PU in conventional planting. Deep placement of USG in bed saved N fertilizer consumption over conventional planting. Water use efficiency for grain and biomass production was higher with deep placement of USG in bed planting than the PU broadcasting in conventional planting methods. Similarly, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer by USG in bed planting was significantly higher than the PU broadcasting in conventional planting. This study concluded that deep placement of USG in raised bed planting for transplanted boro rice is a new approach to achieve fertilizer and water use efficiency as well as higher yield and less water input compared to existing agronomic practices in Bangladesh.

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