scholarly journals Adult plasticity in African cichlids: Rapid changes in opsin expression in response to environmental light differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6036-6052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Pratima Nandamuri ◽  
Miranda R. Yourick ◽  
Karen L. Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Opsin Expression ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
African Cichlids ◽  
Adult Plasticity

Fine structure of the retina of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
C.V.L. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Preliminary Observation ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
Scanning Electron

The overall fine structure of the eye in Placopecten is similar to that of other scallops. The optic tentacle consists of an outer columnar epithelium which is modified into a pigmented iris and a cornea (Fig. 1). This capsule encloses the cellular lens, retina, reflecting argentea and the pigmented tapetum. The retina is divided into two parts (Fig. 2). The distal retina functions in the detection of movement and the proximal retina monitors environmental light intensity. The purpose of the present study is to describe the ultrastructure of the retina as a preliminary observation on eye development. This is also the first known presentation of scanning electron microscope studies of the eye of the scallop.

Economic Way of Thought and Legislationon Nonprofit Organizations

2012 ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
L. Yakobson
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Social Medium ◽  
The State ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Essential Prerequisite

The article considers proper legislation as an essential prerequisite for actualization of NPOs comparative advantages. Restrictions imposed on NPOs are reasonable if they are compensated by benefits from greater trust. The rigidity of constrains and requirements should be optimized while accounting for peculiarities of a social medium, the state of the nonprofit sector, and the governments readiness to encourage the development of the latter. As empirical data suggests, Russian NPOs being on different stages of maturity need separate legal treatment. In the meanwhile, interests that prevail in the NPOs community are not always conducive to rapid changes.

Section 6.a Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca PRICE ◽  
Christine DE LILLE ◽  
Cara WRIGLEY ◽  
Kees DORST
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Organizational Leadership ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Rapid Changes

There is an increasing need for organizations to adapt to rapid changes in society. This need requires organizations’ and the leader within them, to explore, recognize, build and exploit new capabilities. Researching such capabilities has drawn attention from the design management research community in recent years. Dominantly, research contributions have focused on perspectives of innovation and the strategic application of design with the researcher distanced from context. Descriptive and evaluative case studies of past organizational leadership have been vital, by building momentum for the design movement. However, there is a need now to progress toward prescriptive and explorative research perspectives that embrace context through practice and the simultaneous research of design.  Therefore, the aim of this track is to lead and progress discussion on research methodologies that support the research community in developing explorative and prescriptive research methodologies for context-orientated organizational research. This track brings together a group of diverse international researchers and practitioners to fuel discussion on design approaches and subsequent outcomes of prescriptive and explorative research methodologies.

TEISMINIŲ DOKUMENTŲ ĮVARDIJIMAI TREČIAJAME LIETUVOS STATUTE IR JŲ RAIDOS BRUOŽAI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018/2 ◽  
pp. 31-53
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
The Third ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Single Term ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Judicial Procedures ◽  
Early 18Th Century

DESIGNATION OF JUDICIAL DOCUMENTS IN THE THIRD STATUTE OF LITHUANIA AND THE ATTRIBUTES OF THEIR EVOLUTION ADAM STANKEVIČ The author of the article analyses the designation of documents drawn up and issued by the court, their conception, field of application, and place in the court procedure as presented in the Third Statute of Lithuania (TSL). In addition, an attempt is made to exhibit the changes that such documents and their designations underwent in later centuries (until the end of the 18th c.) by means of the example of the Lithuanian Tribunal. The research revealed that documents which in the sources from different periods were referred to by the same name meant different things or were simultaneously attributed several meanings. In the 17th-18th century, only part of the terms featured in the Third Statute of Lithuania were used in the judicial practice of the Lithuanian Tribunal, and with time some of them were replaced with other terms. Several terms denoting summonses (pozew, mandat, zakaz) can be identified in the TSL, and all of them were in use until the very end of the 18th century. However, a single term – dekret / decretum – was used to designate the judgement (actually, for some time there was a differentiation between the court judgement and its procedural summary, but later the generalized term for the judgement prevailed). A number of documents in the TSL are referred to as the “open letter”, however, later some of them acquired specialised names (e.g. the power of attorney). With time, there were certain changes in the context in which some of the terms were used (e.g. the term “cedule” which in the 18th century was already consistently used exceptionally in a particular situation, namely when a litigant refused to obey the order of the court and informed in writing a judicial officer of such refusal) or the terms themselves underwent certain changes (in the 18th century the term membran was substituted with the term blankiet). Part of the judicial documents mentioned in the TSL disappeared in the long run or there was a certain decrease in their significance (this is true of the reminder and adjournment documents as well as glejt (protection letter)). The examples above suggest that the Lithuanian Tribunal would sometimes issue reminders and guarantee documents, though legal acts did not explicitly provide for that. The TSL offered a number of terms hardly related with the investigation of a case, therefore in the early 18th century, with the improvement of judicial procedures, they underwent rapid changes. The procedure of the implementation of a court ruling, which underwent significant changes, is accountable for the introduction of new terms, for example, with time several terms pertaining to the notification of the litigants were used simultaneously (obwieszczenie, innotescencyja, list tradycyjny). Most probably due to the unification processes observed in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century, a number of Latin origin terms were introduced in the judicial practice of the GDL, e.g. cytacyja, decyzyja, innotestencyja, plenipotencyja, obdukcyja, wizyja, inkwizycyja, weryfikacyja, kalkulacyja, tradycyja (all of them had been used in Poland but were not featured in the TSL).

Vegetative Propagation of Woody Ornamentals Through Forcing of Epicormic Shoots

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 503c-503
Author(s):  
Paul H. Henry ◽  
John E. Preece
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Environmental Light

A propagation method is being developed that allows softwood shoots to be generated from stem sections of dormant woody plant species. These shoots, forced in the greenhouse during the winter, are subsequently collected and processed as softwood stem cuttings to produce clonal plant material. Many species in the nursery industry can only be propagated using softwood cuttings, and this technique allows propagation of these species to be initiated several months earlier than what is typically possible. Current studies involve expanded screening of ornamental tree and shrub species to determine if commercial production using this technique is feasible. Results demonstrate that many species may be propagated using this method, but that some species are more prolific than others with respect to number of softwood shoots produced. Additional studies are currently in progress to determine the environmental (light regime, moisture regime) and cultural (type of media) conditions that are optimal when producing clonal plant material via this technique.

Prominence of environmental and anthropogenic agents on the occurrence of coral reef bleaching syndrome and coral diseases

2024 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 6139-2024
Author(s):  
MICHAŁ SCHULZ ◽  
ALEKSANDRA ŁOŚ ◽  
PATRYCJA SKOWRONEK ◽  
ANETA STRACHECKA
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Main Relationship

Coral reefs are the most productive ecosystems on Earth. They ensure the conservation of biodiversity and are a live habitat for 25% of all marine organisms. The main relationship on the coral reef is the symbiosis between corals and algae from the genus Symbiodinium (commonly called zooxanthellae). The authors of this publication have characterized and described the factors limiting the occurrence of coral reefs, including: water temperature, salinity, access to sunlight, contamination, physicochemical and hydromechanical parameters of water. Moreover anthropogenic threats to coral reefs have been specified, including diving tourism, ecological disasters (e.g. oil spills) and the development of marine aquaristics. Rapid changes in the basic living conditions are dangerous for corals and their symbionts and may cause the unsuitability of the new environment resulting in diseases such as coral bleaching. Corals bleaching is a disease associated with the break of the coral and algae relationship which results in a coral reef death on a global scale. Awareness of these negative factors, often related to human activity, may allow us to better understand the ecological processes that are the basis of reef functioning and might enable us to prevent and oppose to the changes and ecological recessions of coral reefs.

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