The influence of population structure on gene expression and flowering time variation in the ubiquitous weedCapsella bursa-pastoris(Brassicaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro Kryvokhyzha ◽  
Karl Holm ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Amandine Cornille ◽  
Sylvain Glémin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Time Variation

scholarly journals Inter-species functional compatibility of the Theobroma cacao and Arabidopsis FT orthologs: 90 million years of functional conservation of meristem identity genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Prewitt ◽  
A. Shalit-Kaneh ◽  
S. N. Maximova ◽  
M. J. Guiltinan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Precocious Flowering ◽  
Transition To Flowering

Abstract Background In angiosperms the transition to flowering is controlled by a complex set of interacting networks integrating a range of developmental, physiological, and environmental factors optimizing transition time for maximal reproductive efficiency. The molecular mechanisms comprising these networks have been partially characterized and include both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory pathways. Florigen, encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) orthologs, is a conserved central integrator of several flowering time regulatory pathways. To characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling cacao flowering time, we have characterized a cacao candidate florigen gene, TcFLOWERING LOCUS T (TcFT). Understanding how this conserved flowering time regulator affects cacao plant’s transition to flowering could lead to strategies to accelerate cacao breeding. Results BLAST searches of cacao genome reference assemblies identified seven candidate members of the CENTRORADIALIS/TERMINAL FLOWER1/SELF PRUNING gene family including a single florigen candidate. cDNA encoding the predicted cacao florigen was cloned and functionally tested by transgenic genetic complementation in the Arabidopsis ft-10 mutant. Transgenic expression of the candidate TcFT cDNA in late flowering Arabidopsis ft-10 partially rescues the mutant to wild-type flowering time. Gene expression studies reveal that TcFT is spatially and temporally expressed in a manner similar to that found in Arabidopsis, specifically, TcFT mRNA is shown to be both developmentally and diurnally regulated in leaves and is most abundant in floral tissues. Finally, to test interspecies compatibility of florigens, we transformed cacao tissues with AtFT resulting in the remarkable formation of flowers in tissue culture. The morphology of these in vitro flowers is normal, and they produce pollen that germinates in vitro with high rates. Conclusion We have identified the cacao CETS gene family, central to developmental regulation in angiosperms. The role of the cacao’s single FT-like gene (TcFT) as a general regulator of determinate growth in cacao was demonstrated by functional complementation of Arabidopsis ft-10 late-flowering mutant and through gene expression analysis. In addition, overexpression of AtFT in cacao resulted in precocious flowering in cacao tissue culture demonstrating the highly conserved function of FT and the mechanisms controlling flowering in cacao.

scholarly journals A naturally occurring InDel variation in BraA.FLC.b (BrFLC2) associated with flowering time variation in Brassica rapa

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Keyun Wei ◽  
Feng Cheng ◽  
Shikai Li ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Indel Variation

scholarly journals Gene body methylation mediates epigenetic inheritance of plant traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaigham Shahzad ◽  
Jonathan D. Moore ◽  
Daniel Zilberman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Gene Body ◽  
Gene Body Methylation

AbstractCytosine methylation is an epigenetically heritable DNA modification common in plant and animal genes, but the functional and evolutionary significance of gene body methylation (gbM) has remained enigmatic. Here we show that gbM enhances gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. We also demonstrate that natural gbM variation influences drought and heat tolerance and flowering time by modulating gene expression, including that of Flowering Locus C (FLC). Notably, epigenetic variation accounts for as much trait heritability in natural populations as DNA sequence polymorphism. Furthermore, we identify gbM variation in numerous genes associated with environmental variables, including a strong association between flowering time, spring atmospheric NO2 – a by-product of fossil fuel burning – and FLC epialleles. Our study demonstrates that gbM is an important modulator of gene expression, and its natural variation fundamentally shapes phenotypic diversity in plant populations. Thus, gbM provides an epigenetic basis for adaptive evolution independent of genetic polymorphism.

scholarly journals A genetic characterization of Korean waxy maize (Zea mays L.) landraces having flowering time variation by RNA sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gibum Yi ◽  
Hosub Shin ◽  
Seung Hwa Yu ◽  
Jeong Eun Park ◽  
Taegu Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Level ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Breeding Resources

AbstractMaize is the second-most produced crop in the Korean peninsula and has been continuously cultivated since the middle of the 16th century, when it was originally introduced from China. Even with this extensive cultivation history, the diversity and properties of Korean landraces have not been investigated at the nucleotide sequence level. We collected 12 landraces with various flowering times and performed RNA-seq in the early vegetative stage. The transcriptomes of 12 Korean landraces have been analyzed for their genetic variations in coding sequence and genetic relationships to other maize germplasm. The Korean landraces showed specific genetic characteristics and were closely related to a Chinese inbred line. Flowering-time related gene profiles pointed to multiple causes for the variation of flowering time within Korean landraces; the profiles revealed significant positive and negative correlations among genes, allowing us to infer possible mechanisms for flowering time variation in maize. Our results demonstrate the value of transcriptome-based genetic and gene expression profiles for information on possible breeding resources, which is particularly needed in Korean waxy landraces.

Components of Flowering Time Variation in a Desert Annual

Evolution ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon A. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Desert Annual
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