Postglacial recolonization in a cold climate specialist in western Europe: patterns of genetic diversity in the adder (Vipera berus) support the central-marginal hypothesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 3639-3651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Ursenbacher ◽  
Michaël Guillon ◽  
Hervé Cubizolle ◽  
Andréaz Dupoué ◽  
Gabriel Blouin-Demers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Vipera Berus ◽  
Postglacial Recolonization

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Variation of Feral Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) from Utah (USA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Dylan Cleary ◽  
Allen L. Szalanski ◽  
Clinton Trammel ◽  
Mary-Kate Williams ◽  
Amber Tripodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
The Us ◽  
Coii Gene

Abstract A study was conducted on the mitochondrial DNA genetic diversity of feral colonies and swarms of Apis mellifera from ten counties in Utah by sequencing the intergenic region of the cytochrome oxidase (COI-COII) gene region. A total of 20 haplotypes were found from 174 honey bee colony samples collected from 2008 to 2017. Samples belonged to the A (African) (48%); C (Eastern Europe) (43%); M (Western Europe) (4%); and O (Oriental) lineages (5%). Ten African A lineage haplotypes were observed with two unique to Utah among A lineage haplotypes recorded in the US. Haplotypes belonging to the A lineage were observed from six Utah counties located in the southern portion of the State, from elevations as high as 1357 m. All five C lineage haplotypes that were found have been observed from queen breeders in the US. Three haplotypes of the M lineage (n=7) and two of the O lineage (n=9) were also observed. This study provides evidence that honey bees of African descent are both common and diverse in wild populations of honey bees in southern Utah. The high levels of genetic diversity of A lineage honey bee colonies in Utah provide evidence that the lineage may have been established in Utah before the introduction of A lineage honey bees from Brazil to Texas in 1990.

Genetic Diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 in Western Europe determined by AFLP, RC-PFGE and Rep-PCR

1998 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Van Der Wolf ◽  
P. J. M. Bonants ◽  
J. J. Smith ◽  
M. Hagenaar ◽  
E. Nijhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Western Europe

scholarly journals The earliest evidence of Acheulian occupation in Northwest Europe and the rediscovery of the Moulin Quignon site, Somme valley, France

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Antoine ◽  
Marie-Hélène Moncel ◽  
Pierre Voinchet ◽  
Jean-Luc Locht ◽  
Daniel Amselem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Homo Heidelbergensis ◽  
Historic Site ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
North Western

Abstract The dispersal of hominin groups with an Acheulian technology and associated bifacial tools into northern latitudes is central to the debate over the timing of the oldest human occupation of Europe. New evidence resulting from the rediscovery and the dating of the historic site of Moulin Quignon demonstrates that the first Acheulian occupation north of 50°N occurred around 670–650 ka ago. The new archaeological assemblage was discovered in a sequence of fluvial sands and gravels overlying the chalk bedrock at a relative height of 40 m above the present-day maximal incision of the Somme River and dated by ESR on quartz to early MIS 16. More than 260 flint artefacts were recovered, including large flakes, cores and five bifaces. This discovery pushes back the age of the oldest Acheulian occupation of north-western Europe by more than 100 ka and bridges the gap between the archaeological records of northern France and England. It also challenges hominin dispersal models in Europe showing that hominins using bifacial technology, such as Homo heidelbergensis, were probably able to overcome cold climate conditions as early as 670–650 ka ago and reasserts the importance of the Somme valley, where Prehistory was born at the end of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in portuguese native Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera and ssp. sylvestris

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S54-S56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cunha ◽  
M. Teixeira Santos ◽  
J. Brazăo ◽  
L.C. Carneiro ◽  
M. Veloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Probable Origin ◽  
Different Origins

To assess the different origins of Portuguese grapevine varieties, we used six nuclear and four chloroplastidal microsatellites as molecular markers, in order to compare the genetic structure of native wild-vines with native grapevine varieties. Both native subspecies have a great diversity, and a high interrelationship across the six nuclear microsatellites. Although identical numbers of alleles were found in each population, their distribution was different in the <I>vinifera </I>and <I>sylvestris </I>subspecies. Portuguese wild-vines have only chlorotypes A and B; A being the most frequent. The fifty-seven analysed Portuguese varieties have chlorotypes A, B, C, and D. The most frequent was the chlorotype A (75%), followed by D (21%). The results obtained reinforced the idea of Western Europe as having been one of the domestication centres for the grapevine, with contributions from the Eastern European gene pool. The observed genetic structure is a starting point from which to clarify the high number of native cultivars found in Portugal, and reinforces their probable origin in the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Drivers of genetic differentiation and recent evolutionary history of an Eurasian wild pea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Hellwig ◽  
Shahal Abbo ◽  
Ron Ophir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Environmental Predictors

Genetic diversity a major determinant for the capacity of species to persist and adapt to their environments. Unraveling the factors affecting genetic differentiation is crucial to understand how genetic diversity is shaped and species may react to changing environments. We employed genotyping by sequencing to test the influence of climate, space, latitude, altitude and land cover on genetic differentiation in a collection of 81 wild pea samples (Pisum sativum ssp. elatius) from across its distribution range from western Europe to central Asia. We also attempted to elucidate the species recent evolutionary history and its effect on the current distribution of genetic diversity. Association of single SNPs with climate variables were analyses to test for signatures of local adaptation. Genetic variation was geographically structured into six distinct genetic cluster. Two of which were associated with a taxonomic group (Pisum sativum ssp. humile) that according to some researchers does not qualify for a sub-species rank due to its alleged lack of genetic distinctness from other conspecific groups. The effect of the tested factors influencing genetic differentiation were rather variable among genetic clusters. The climate predictors were most important in all clusters. Land use was more important in clusters from areas strongly influenced by human land use, especially by agriculture. We found a statistically significant association of 3,623 SNPs (2.4 % of all SNPs) with one of the environmental predictors. Most of them were correlated with latitude followed by temperature, precipitation and altitude. Estimation of SNP effects of the candidates resulted in a missense to silent ratio of 0.45, suggesting many of the observed candidates SNPs may alter the encoded amino acid sequence. Wild peas went through a genetic bottleneck during the last glacial period followed by population recovery. Probably associated with this population recovery, we detected a range expansion, which may have led to an eastward range expansion of the European cluster to Turkey and thereof southwards and eastwards. Overall, the interplay of several environmental factors and the recent evolutionary history affected the distribution of genetic diversity in wild peas where each subpopulations were differently affected by those factors and processes.

scholarly journals Macaronesia: a source of hidden genetic diversity for post-glacial recolonization of western Europe in the leafy liverwort Radula lindenbergiana

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Laenen ◽  
Aurélie Désamoré ◽  
Nicolas Devos ◽  
A. Jonathan Shaw ◽  
Juana Maria González-Mancebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Leafy Liverwort
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