scholarly journals Awareness and prevalence of human milk sharing and selling in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e12567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. O'Sullivan ◽  
Sheela R. Geraghty ◽  
Kathleen M. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Milk Sharing

Human Milk, Breastfeeding, and Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Serostatus

When making recommendations concerning feeding options for infants, health care providers in the United States must balance the potential for transmission of HIV through human milk with the known benefits of breastfeeding. Additional epidemiologic studies are needed to assess accurately the actual risk of HIV transmission to infants from human milk in the United States. However, because HIV transmission via human milk is possible, knowledge of the HIV serostatus of pregnant women is important to determine whether breastfeeding is appropriate.

scholarly journals Exploring Innovations in Human Milk Analysis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Survey of the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey R. Ramey ◽  
Stephanie Merlino Barr ◽  
Katie A. Moore ◽  
Sharon Groh-Wargo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
The Us

Introduction: Human milk (HM) is the ideal enteral feeding for nearly all infants and offers unique benefits to the very low birthweight (VLBW) infant population. It is a challenge to meet the high nutrient requirements of VLBW infants due to the known variability of HM composition. Human milk analysis (HMA) assesses the composition of HM and allows for individualized fortification. Due to recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, it has relatively recent availability for clinical use in the US.Aim: To identify current practices of HMA and individualized fortification in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the United States (US) and to inform future translational research efforts implementing this nutrition management method.Methods: An institutional review board (IRB) approved survey was created and collected data on the following subjects such as NICU demographics, feeding practices, HM usage, HM fortification practices, and HMA practices. It was distributed from 10/30–12/21/2020 via online pediatric nutrition groups and listservs selected to reach the intended audience of NICU dietitians and other clinical staff. Each response was assessed prior to inclusion, and descriptive analysis was performed.Results: About 225 survey responses were recorded during the survey period with 119 entries included in the analysis. This represented 36 states and Washington D.C., primarily from level III and IV NICUs. HMA was reported in 11.8% of responding NICUs. The most commonly owned technology for HMA is the Creamatocrit Plus TM (EKF Diagnostics), followed by the HM Analyzer by Miris (Uppsala, Sweden). In NICUs practicing HMA, 84.6% are doing so clinically.Discussion: Feeding guidelines and fortification of HM remain standard of care, and interest in HMA was common in this survey. Despite the interest, very few NICUs are performing HMA and individualized fortification. Barriers identified include determining who should receive individualized fortification and how often, collecting a representative sample, and the cost and personnel required.Conclusions: Human milk analysis and individualized fortification are emerging practices within NICUs in the US. Few are using it in the clinical setting with large variation in execution among respondents and many logistical concerns regarding implementation. Future research may be beneficial to evaluate how practices change as HMA and individualized fortification gain popularity and become more commonly used in the clinical setting.

Introduction: Sharing Milk

Sharing Milk ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Shannon K. Carter ◽  
Beatriz M. Reyes-Foster
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Human History ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The World ◽  
Normal Method ◽  
Human Milk Sharing

This chapter provides original sociological thinking in order to bear on contemporary gender relations, divisions, and issues of concern to feminists. It analyzes human milk-sharing communities in a large metropolitan area in southeastern United States. It also describes the practices of milk-sharing, the meanings ascribed to human milk, and the labour involved in its production. The chapter builds on existing scholarship and theoretical frameworks to develop a model for understanding contemporary forms of bodily sharing. It explains how feeding of human milk to socially and biologically unrelated infants is a normal method of infant feeding documented throughout human history and in societies around the world.

Conclusions and Recommendations of the Expert Panel: Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (20) ◽  
pp. 1825-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheston M. Berlin ◽  
Judy S. LaKind ◽  
Suzanne E. Fenton ◽  
Richard Y. Wang ◽  
Michael N. Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Chemicals
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