scholarly journals Cross‐sectional survey shows that follow‐up formula and growing‐up milks are labelled similarly to infant formula in four low and middle income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (S2) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Pereira ◽  
Rosalyn Ford ◽  
Alison B. Feeley ◽  
Lara Sweet ◽  
Jane Badham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Gaps in Capacity in Primary Care in Low-Resource Settings for Implementation of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mendis ◽  
Igbal Al Bashir ◽  
Lanka Dissanayake ◽  
Cherian Varghese ◽  
Ibtihal Fadhil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Objective.The objective was to evaluate the capacity of primary care (PC) facilities to implement basic interventions for prevention and management of major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.Methods.A cross-sectional survey was done in eight low- and middle-income countries (Benin, Bhutan, Eritrea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, and Vietnam) in 90 PC facilities randomly selected. The survey included questions on the availability of human resources, equipment, infrastructure, medicines, utilization of services, financing, medical information, and referral systems.Results and Conclusions.Major deficits were identified in health financing, access to basic technologies and medicines, medical information systems, and the health workforce. The study has provided the foundation for strengthening PC to address noncommunicable diseases. There are important implications of the findings of this study for all low- and middle-income countries as capacity of PC is fundamental for equitable prevention and control of NCDs.

scholarly journals Cannabis use and suicide attempts among 86,254 adolescents aged 12–15 years from 21 low- and middle-income countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre F. Carvalho ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Stefan Kloiber ◽  
Michael Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
School Based ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractBackground: Evidence suggests that cannabis use may be associated with suicidality in adolescence. Nevertheless, very few studies have assessed this association in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this cross-sectional survey, we investigated the association of cannabis use and suicidal attempts in adolescents from 21 LMICs, adjusting for potential confounders.Method: Data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey was analyzed in 86,254 adolescents from 21 countries [mean (SD) age = 13.7 (0.9) years; 49.0% girls]. Suicide attempts during past year and cannabis during past month and lifetime were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.Results: The overall prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use was 2.8% and the age-sex adjusted prevalence varied from 0.5% (Laos) to 37.6% (Samoa), while the overall prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 3.9% (range 0.5%–44.9%). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts during the past year was 10.5%. Following multivariable adjustment to potential confounding variables, past 30-day cannabis use was significantly associated with suicide attempts (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.42–2.91). Lifetime cannabis use was also independently associated with suicide attempts (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.74–3.04).Conclusion: Our data indicate that cannabis use is associated with a greater likelihood for suicide attempts in adolescents living in LMICs. The causality of this association should be confirmed/refuted in prospective studies to further inform public health policies for suicide prevention in LMICs.

scholarly journals Anthropometrical measurements and maternal visceral fat during first half of pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cortez Kretzer ◽  
Salete Matos ◽  
Lisia Von Diemen ◽  
José Antônio de Azevedo Magalhães ◽  
Alexandre da Silva Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Prenatal care is fundamental for achieving good results in the outcome of pregnancy, however, the coverage in Brazil is still low. In the impossibility of pre-gestational weight measure and subsequent body mass index (BMI) values, the others anthropometric measurements are useful and may be ideal for measuring the nutritional status of pregnant women, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the anthropometrical measurements during pregnancy and compared it to maternal ultrasound visceral adipose tissue.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women from the city of Porto Alegre (city), capital of Rio Grande do Sul (state), southern Brazil, from October 2016 until January 2018. Anthropometrical variables (weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), circumferences of calf and neck and triceps skin folds – TSF and subscapular skin folds – SBSF), and ultrasound variables (visceral adipose tissue – VAT and total adipose tissue – TAT) were collected. To verify the correlation of anthropometric and ultrasound measurements, non-adjusted and adjusted Spearman correlation was used. The study was approved by the ethics committees.Results Among the 149 pregnant women, 54.8% (n=80) were white race. The age median was 25 years [21 - 31], pre-pregnancy BMI was 26.22kg/m 2 [22.16 – 31.21] and gestational age was 16.2 weeks [13.05 – 18.10]. The best measurements correlated with VAT and TAT were MUAC and SBSF, being anthropometric measurements with a higher correlation than pre-pregnancy BMI.Conclusion It is possible to provide a practical and reliable estimate of VAT and TAT from anthropometric evaluation (MUAC or SBSF) that is low cost, efficient and replicable in outpatient clinic environment, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Hierarchical disentanglement of contextual from compositional risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
A. Olalekan Uthman ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSeveral studies have documented the burden and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). To the best of our knowledge, the contextual and compositional factors associated with diarrhoea across LMIC were poorly operationalized, explored and understood in these studies. We investigated multilevel risk factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in LMIC. We analysed diarrhoea-related information of 796,150 under-five children (Level 1) nested within 63,378 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 57 LMIC (Level 3) using the latest data from cross-sectional and nationally representative Demographic Health Survey conducted between 2010 and 2018. We used multivariable hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression models for data analysis. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 14.4% (95% confidence interval 14.2–14.7) ranging from 3.8% in Armenia to 31.4% in Yemen. The odds of diarrhoea was highest among male children, infants, having small birth weights, households in poorer wealth quintiles, children whose mothers had only primary education, and children who had no access to media. Children from neighbourhoods with high illiteracy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.07, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.04–1.10] rates were more likely to have diarrhoea. At the country-level, the odds of diarrhoea nearly doubled (aOR = 1.88, 95% CrI 1.23–2.83) and tripled (aOR = 2.66, 95% CrI 1.65–3.89) among children from countries with middle and lowest human development index respectively. Diarrhoea remains a major health challenge among under-five children in most LMIC. We identified diverse individual-level, community-level and national-level factors associated with the development of diarrhoea among under-five children in these countries and disentangled the associated contextual risk factors from the compositional risk factors. Our findings underscore the need to revitalize existing policies on child and maternal health and implement interventions to prevent diarrhoea at the individual-, community- and societal-levels. The current study showed how the drive to the attainment of SDGs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 will enhance the attainment of SDG 3.

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