Peninsula effect and species richness gradient in terrestrial mammals on the Korean Peninsula and other peninsulas

Mammal Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Yeong-Seok Jo ◽  
Richard D. Stevens ◽  
John T. Baccus
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Species Richness Gradient

An inverse elevational species richness gradient of Caucasian vascular plants and Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Ecoscience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levan Mumladze ◽  
Werner Ulrich ◽  
Zezva Asanidze ◽  
George Japoshvili
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Species Richness Gradient

scholarly journals Phylogenetic diversity as a window into the evolutionary and biogeographic histories of present-day richness gradients for mammals

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1576) ◽  
pp. 2414-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jonathan Davies ◽  
Lauren B. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dispersal Events

Phylogenetic diversity (PD) captures the shared ancestry of species, and is increasingly being recognized as a valuable conservation currency. Regionally, PD frequently covaries closely with species richness; however, variation in speciation and extinction rates and/or the biogeographic history of lineages can result in significant deviation. Locally, these differences may be pronounced. Rapid recent speciation or high temporal turnover of lineages can result in low PD but high richness. In contrast, rare dispersal events, for example, between biomes, can elevate PD but have only small impact on richness. To date, environmental predictors of species richness have been well studied but global models explaining variation in PD are lacking. Here, we contrast the global distribution of PD versus species richness for terrestrial mammals. We show that an environmental model of lineage diversification can predict well the discrepancy in the distribution of these two variables in some places, for example, South America and Africa but not others, such as Southeast Asia. When we have information on multiple diversity indices, conservation efforts directed towards maximizing one currency or another (e.g. species richness versus PD) should also consider the underlying processes that have shaped their distributions.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic support for the Tropical Niche Conservatism Hypothesis despite the absence of a clear latitudinal species richness gradient in Yunnan's woody flora

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 7055-7077 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tang ◽  
M. G. Zhang ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
Z. Zhou ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
The North ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Species Richness Gradient ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. The Tropical Niche Conservatism Hypothesis (TCH) tries to explain the generally observed latitudinal gradient of increasing species diversity towards the tropics. To date, few studies have used phylogenetic approaches to assess its validity, even though such methods are especially suited to detect changes in niche structure. We test the TCH using modeled distributions of 1898 woody species in Yunnan Province (southwest China) in combination with a family level phylogeny. Unlike predicted, species richness and phylogenetic diversity did not show a latitudinal gradient, but identified two high diversity zones, one in Northwest and one in South Yunnan. Despite this, the underlying residual phylogenetic diversity showed a clear decline away from the tropics, while the species composition became progressingly more phylogenetically clustered towards the North. These latitudinal changes were strongly associated with more extreme temperature variability and declining precipitation and soil water availability, especially during the dry season. Our results suggests that the climatically more extreme conditions outside the tropics require adaptations for successful colonization, most likely related to the plant hydraulic system, that have been acquired by only a limited number of phylogenetically closely related plant lineages. We emphasize the importance of phylogenetic approaches for testing the TCH.

Incorporating local habitat heterogeneity and productivity measures when modelling vertebrate richness

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Justin Cooper ◽  
William J McShea ◽  
David A Luther ◽  
Tavis Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Declining Species ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

SummaryDeclining species richness is a global concern; however, the coarse-scale metrics used at regional or landscape levels might not accurately represent the important habitat characteristics needed to estimate species richness. Currently, there exists a lack of knowledge with regard to the spatial extent necessary to correlate remotely sensed habitat metrics to species richness and animal surveys. We provide a protocol for determining the best scale to use when merging remotely sensed habitat and animal survey data as a step towards improving estimates of vertebrate species richness on broad scales. We test the relative importance of fine-resolution habitat heterogeneity and productivity metrics at multiple spatial scales as predictors of species richness for birds, frogs and mammals using a Bayesian approach and a combination of passive monitoring technologies. Model performance was different for each taxonomic group and dependent on the scale at which habitat heterogeneity and productivity were measured. Optimal scales included a 20-m radius for bats and frogs, an 80-m radius for birds and a 180-m radius for terrestrial mammals. Our results indicate that optimal scales do exist when merging remotely sensed habitat measures with ground-based surveys, but they differ between vertebrate groups. Additionally, the selection of a measurement scale is highly influential to our understanding of the relationships between species richness and habitat characteristics.

Spatial patterns of species richness and functional diversity in Costa Rican terrestrial mammals: implications for conservation

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F. González-Maya ◽  
Luis R. Víquez-R ◽  
Andrés Arias-Alzate ◽  
Jerrold L. Belant ◽  
Gerardo Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals

scholarly journals Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1948) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Cao ◽  
Richard Condit ◽  
Xiangcheng Mi ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Haibao Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Species Packing ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
Species Richness Gradient

The decline in species richness at higher latitudes is among the most fundamental patterns in ecology. Whether changes in species composition across space (beta-diversity) contribute to this gradient of overall species richness (gamma-diversity) remains hotly debated. Previous studies that failed to resolve the issue suffered from a well-known tendency for small samples in areas with high gamma-diversity to have inflated measures of beta-diversity. Here, we provide a novel analytical test, using beta-diversity metrics that correct the gamma-diversity and sampling biases, to compare beta-diversity and species packing across a latitudinal gradient in tree species richness of 21 large forest plots along a large environmental gradient in East Asia. We demonstrate that after accounting for topography and correcting the gamma-diversity bias, tropical forests still have higher beta-diversity than temperate analogues. This suggests that beta-diversity contributes to the latitudinal species richness gradient as a component of gamma-diversity. Moreover, both niche specialization and niche marginality (a measure of niche spacing along an environmental gradient) also increase towards the equator, after controlling for the effect of topographical heterogeneity. This supports the joint importance of tighter species packing and larger niche space in tropical forests while also demonstrating the importance of local processes in controlling beta-diversity.

scholarly journals No Evidence of Complementary Water Use along a Plant Species Richness Gradient in Temperate Experimental Grasslands

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0116367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dörte Bachmann ◽  
Annette Gockele ◽  
Janneke M. Ravenek ◽  
Christiane Roscher ◽  
Tanja Strecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Species Richness Gradient
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