scholarly journals Seasonal change in spatial variability of eelgrass epifaunal community in relation to gradients of abiotic and biotic factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. e12522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyosuke Momota ◽  
Masahiro Nakaoka
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Epifaunal Community ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Effects of abiotic and biotic factors on Vibrio harveyi ATCC 14126T survival dynamics in seawater microcosms

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Orruño ◽  
C Parada ◽  
E Ogayar ◽  
VR Kaberdin ◽  
I Arana
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

scholarly journals Effects of Dysbiosis and Dietary Manipulation on the Digestive Microbiota of a Detritivorous Arthropod

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Marius Bredon ◽  
Elisabeth Depuydt ◽  
Lucas Brisson ◽  
Laurent Moulin ◽  
Ciriac Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
And Function ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Over Time

The crucial role of microbes in the evolution, development, health, and ecological interactions of multicellular organisms is now widely recognized in the holobiont concept. However, the structure and stability of microbiota are highly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors, especially in the gut, which can be colonized by transient bacteria depending on the host’s diet. We studied these impacts by manipulating the digestive microbiota of the detritivore Armadillidium vulgare and analyzing the consequences on its structure and function. Hosts were exposed to initial starvation and then were fed diets that varied the different components of lignocellulose. A total of 72 digestive microbiota were analyzed according to the type of the diet (standard or enriched in cellulose, lignin, or hemicellulose) and the period following dysbiosis. The results showed that microbiota from the hepatopancreas were very stable and resilient, while the most diverse and labile over time were found in the hindgut. Dysbiosis and selective diets may have affected the host fitness by altering the structure of the microbiota and its predicted functions. Overall, these modifications can therefore have effects not only on the holobiont, but also on the “eco-holobiont” conceptualization of macroorganisms.

scholarly journals Demonstrating Pathogenicity of Enterobacter cloacae on Macadamia and Identifying Associated Volatiles of Gray Kernel of Macadamia in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Nishijima ◽  
M. M. Wall ◽  
M. S. Siderhurst
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Foul Odor ◽  
Important Disease

Gray kernel is an important disease of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) that affects the quality of kernels, causing gray discoloration and a permeating, foul odor. Gray kernel symptoms were produced in raw, in-shell kernels of three cultivars of macadamia that were inoculated with strains of Enterobacter cloacae. Koch's postulates were fulfilled for three strains, demonstrating that E. cloacae is a causal agent of gray kernel. An inoculation protocol was developed to consistently reproduce gray kernel symptoms. Among the E. cloacae strains studied, macadamia strain LK 0802-3 and ginger strain B193-3 produced the highest incidences of disease (65 and 40%, respectively). The other macadamia strain, KN 04-2, produced gray kernel in 21.7% of inoculated nuts. Control treatments had 1.7% gray kernel symptoms. Some abiotic and biotic factors that affected incidence of gray kernel in inoculated kernels were identified. Volatiles of gray and nongray kernel samples also were analyzed. Ethanol and acetic acid were present in nongray and gray kernel samples, whereas volatiles from gray kernel samples included the additional compounds, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 2,3-butanediol, phenol, and 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol). This is believed to be the first report of the identification of volatile compounds associated with gray kernel.

scholarly journals Biogeomorphic feedbacks and the ecosystem engineering of recently deglaciated terrain

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah R Miller ◽  
Stuart N Lane
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecosystem Engineering ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Matthews’ 1992 geoecological model of vegetation succession within glacial forefields describes how following deglaciation the landscape evolves over time as the result of both biotic and abiotic factors, with the importance of each depending on the level of environmental stress within the system. We focus in this paper on how new understandings of abiotic factors and the potential for biogeomorphic feedbacks between abiotic and biotic factors makes further development of this model important. Disturbance and water dynamics are two abiotic factors that have been shown to create stress gradients that can drive early ecosystem succession. The subsequent establishment of microbial communities and vegetation can then result in biogeomorphic feedbacks via ecosystem engineering that influence the role of disturbance and water dynamics within the system. Microbes can act as ecosystem engineers by supplying nutrients (via remineralization of organic matter and nitrogen fixation), enhancing soil development, either decreasing (encouraging weathering) or increasing (binding sediment grains) geomorphic stability, and helping retain soil moisture. Vegetation can act as an ecosystem engineer by fixing nitrogen, enhancing soil development, modifying microbial community structure, creating seed banks, and increasing geomorphic stability. The feedbacks between vegetation and water dynamics in glacial forefields are still poorly studied. We propose a synthesized model of ecosystem succession within glacial forefields that combines Matthews’ initial geoecological model and Corenblit's model to illustrate how gradients in environmental stress combined with successional time drive the balance between abiotic and biotic factors and ultimately determine the successional stage and potential for biogeomorphic feedbacks.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Corymbia citriodora essential oil compounds against Ascia monuste (Linnaeus, 1764) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. ec02013
Author(s):  
Renata C. Santos ◽  
Jhersyka S. Paes ◽  
Arthur V. Ribeiro ◽  
Abraão A. Santos ◽  
Marcelo C. Picanço
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora ◽  
Essential Oil Compounds

Essential oils (EO’s) have been investigated as a safe alternative to pest management. The toxicity of an EO can vary due to abiotic and biotic factors. The individual compounds of different EO’s have shown promise to insect control and they may present toxicity similar to or greater than the EO’s. In this study, we determined the toxicity of Corymbia citriodora EO compounds against Ascia monuste (Linnaeus, 1764) and Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758). Citronellal, trans-caryophyllene, and citronellol (LD50 = 23.24, 24.17 and 27.84 μg/mg, respectively) were the most toxic compounds to A. monuste. On the other hand, α-pinene and β-pinene presented low toxicity to this pest. For P. xylostella, citronellol and citronellal were the most toxic compounds (LD50 = 22.36 and 25.53 μg/mg, respectively). The other compounds presented lower toxicity with similar doses. Thus, the individual compounds of C. citriodora EO can be an alternative for A. monuste and P. xylostella control.

SUSTAINABILITY OF ANIMALS IN SUSTAINABILITY OF ECOSYSTEMS (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
S. V. Poloz ◽  
I. I. Strelchenya
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Relationship

An analysis of the literature review available in the open access has determined the relevance of studying the resistance of animals in natural habitats and zooculture as marker of ecosystem stability. This article provides a variety of methods for determining and the versatility of assessing animal resistance, which requires the development of ap-proaches that can help to solve this problem comprehensively. It is shown that it is necessary to study the processes of formation of animal resistance and to establish the relationship between resistance, sustainability and tolerance and the reasons (conditions, abiotic and biotic factors) that change their characteristics.

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