scholarly journals Uses and Abuses of Drug Decriminalization in Portugal

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 746-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Laqueur
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Drug Offense ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Drug Decriminalization

In 2001, Portugal decriminalized the acquisition, possession, and use of small quantities of all psychoactive drugs. The significance of this legislation has been misunderstood. Decriminalization did not trigger dramatic changes in drug‐related behavior because, as an analysis of Portugal's predecriminalization laws and practices reveals, the reforms were more modest than suggested by the media attention they received. Portugal illustrates the shortcomings of before‐and‐after analysis because, as is often the case, the de jure legal change largely codified de facto practices. In the years before the law's passage, less than 1 percent of those incarcerated for a drug offense had been convicted of use. Surprisingly, the change in law regarding use appears associated with a marked reduction in drug trafficker sanctioning. While the number of arrests for trafficking changed little, the number of individuals convicted and imprisoned for trafficking since 2001 has fallen nearly 50 percent.

SINERGI ANTARA TRIPUSAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI KECAMATAN NONGGUNONG KABUPATEN SUMENEP

Edupedia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zainol Huda
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Students ◽  
The Media ◽  
Three Components

The responsibility of Islamic education cannot be carried out unilaterally. Ki Hajar Dewantara stated that it requires the cooperation of three components which called as tripusat pendidikan education (center of three in education), they are families, educational institutions, and society. Those three components are one unit and complement each other. This is what happened at MTs Zainur Ridla (Islamic Junior High School Zainur Ridla) and MTs. Bustanul Ulum (Islamic Junior High School Bustanul Ulum), both of them are in Nonggunong District, Sumenep Regency. The findings in this research indicate that student’s guardians in MTs Zainur Ridla and MTs Bustanul Ulum Nonggunong have awareness about the responsibility of Islamic education. Second, all teacher councils in those two Islamic Junior High School stated that educating responsibility was on their control with habituation for their students in the form of reciting Shalawat Nariyah, reciting short surahs before the lesson began, praying before and after the lesson, shaking hands with teacher councils when coming and going home. Third, the participation of the society in realizing the responsibility of Islamic education through the media and the tradition of Kompolan. Fourth, the pattern of cooperation between madrasah (school) and student’s guardians in the form of: Home visits, inviting student’s guardians, forming madrasah supporting body, and report cards. While the pattern of cooperation between madrasah and society is their involvement in PHBI (Commemoration Islamic Feast Day) activities, their involvement in camp activities, their involvement in accepting new students, and their involvement in enforcing the discipline and regulations at madrasah.

scholarly journals Corporate Environmental Performance in China: The Moderating Effects of the Media versus the Approach of Local Governments

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Zhiru Guo ◽  
Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Corporate Environmental Performance ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article selects the listed companies in China’s A-share heavy pollution industry from 2014 to 2018 as samples, uses a random effect model to empirically test the relationship between media attention and corporate environmental performance and examines the impacts of local government environmental protection and property nature on that relationship. Results are as follow: (1) Media attention can significantly affect a company’s environmental performance. The higher the media attention, the greater the company’s supervision and the better its environmental performance. (2) In areas where the government pays less attention to environmental protection, the impact of media on corporate environmental performance is more obvious, but in other areas, the impact of media on environmental performance cannot be reflected; (3) The media attention is very significant for the environmental performance improvement of state-owned enterprises, and it is not obvious in non-state-owned enterprises. (4) A further breakdown of the study found that the role of media attention in corporate environmental performance is only significant in the sample of local governments that have low environmental protection and are state-owned enterprises. This research incorporates the local government’s emphasis on environmental protection into the research field of vision, expands the research scope of media and corporate environmental performance, and also provides new clues and evidence for promoting the active fulfillment of environmental protection responsibilities by companies and local governments.

scholarly journals Advanced treatment of effluent extended aeration process using biological aerated filter (BAF) with natural media: modification in media, design and backwashing process

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malakootian ◽  
Ali Toolabi ◽  
Saeed Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Metal Grid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
Aeration Process ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Natural Media

AbstractBiological aerated filters (BAFs) have high filtration efficiency due to their tolerance of hydraulic and organic shocks are suitable for the treatment of complex and sanitary wastewater. In this study, for the first time, natural media of date kernel from Bam city was used as the BAF reactor media, with a meshing sand filter separated by a standard metal grid from the natural filter section used at the end of the reactor. This can be considered an innovation in the media and filtration. Aeration in the related reactor with 160 cm height was performed bilaterally as up-flow and continuously by nozzles throughout the reactor media. In this work, the actual effluent of the hospital wastewater treatment plant was employed as the inflow wastewater to the reactor, and its organic and inorganic parameters were measured before and after the treatment by the BAF reactor. The backwashing process was also studied in three ways: bottom backwashing (TB), top backwashing (BB), and top and bottom backwashing (TBBS), to determine the amount of water consumed and to achieve the desired result. According to the results obtained in this study, the removal efficiencies of inorganic and microbial contaminants, amoxicillin and azithromycin were obtained as follows: BOD5: 98.48%, COD: 92.42%, $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ NO 3 - : 99.4%, P: 93.3%, Coliforms: 97%, Color: 42.8%, Turbidity: 95%, Sulphate: 30%, TSS: 98.9%, Amoxicillin: 20% and azithromycin: 13%. In the backwashing process, the amount of water consumed in these three TB, BB, and TBBS methods were obtained 300, 164, and 118 L, respectively, So, TBBS method was selected as the optimal method. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the BAF process with natural date kernel has a high efficiency in removing organic and inorganic contaminants from hospital wastewater, also the concentration of most of the effluent parameters was less or in accordance with EPA standard.

Constructing Public Opinion and Manipulating Symbols: China's Press Cover-age of the Student Movement in 1989

1995 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Sidney Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Student Movement ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Tiananmen Square ◽  
The Press ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Military

This content analysis of Chinese newspapers before and after the Tiananmen Square protest examines the symbolic representation of the Student Movement of 1989 in China. The study reveals that top leaders manipulated symbols given to the media and that these symbols rigorously highlighted the dominant ideology of the Chinese Communist Party and isolated the movement participants. Officials attempted to legitimize the military suppression of the movement. The press construction of public opinion echoed the hegemonic process created and maintained by the party structure.

Media

2018 ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
Barbara Crossette
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information System ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The United Nations

With a new Secretary-General, António Guterres, installed in 2017, the United Nations is in a position to hasten changes to its public information system and functions, which were slow to catch up with a fast-moving social media age. As the former head of UNHCR, he understands the importance of good relations with the media, which often have felt shut out by UN officials and member nations reluctant to expand the organization’s information outreach. Media attention had atrophied, at a time when the UN was coming under greater pressure and criticism for its handling of peacekeeping scandals and slow responses to crises, even when these were not the fault of the Secretariat.

scholarly journals Newspaper attention and policy activities in Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chaqués Bonafont ◽  
Frank R. Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Comprehensive Database ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Media ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSpain's newspapers are characterised by strong partisan identities. We demonstrate that the two leading newspapers nonetheless show powerful similarities in the topics of their coverage over time. The media system is strongly related to the policy process and it shows similar levels of skew (attention focuses on just a few topics) and friction (attention lurches rapidly from topic to topic) as others have shown for policy processes more generally. Further, media attention is significantly related to parliamentary activities. Oral questions in parliament track closely with media attention over time. Our assessment is based on a comprehensive database of all front-page stories (over 95,000 stories) in El País and El Mundo, Spain's largest daily newspapers, and all 7,446 oral questions from 1996 to 2009. The paper shows that explanations of friction and skew in governmental activities should incorporate media dynamics as well. Political leaders are clearly sensitive to media salience.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of Heterogeneous Beliefs and Media Reports on Investor Behavior from the Perspective of Informationization

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Fengyun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Heterogeneous Beliefs ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Investor Behavior ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports

Based on the background of informatization, the development and progress of science and technology has brought an immeasurable impact on the securities market. Therefore, this article uses python technology to crawl the number of individual stock news and study the influence of media attention on investor behavior under the constraint of heterogeneous beliefs. It is found that there is a significant positive correlation between the degree of media attention and the degree of investors’ heterogeneous beliefs, and investors are more likely to choose stocks that are frequently reported by the media; further research has found that media reports intensify the degree of investor’s heterogeneous beliefs, leading to stock transactions. The amount has risen abnormally. Therefore, while enjoying informatization, it is necessary to guard against the risks it bring.

scholarly journals Improving indicators of tuberculosis program cascades by leveraging HIV program strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
S. C. Meribe ◽  
E. Harausz ◽  
I. Lawal ◽  
A. Ogundeji ◽  
C. Mbanefo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Army Medical Research ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Background: To improve rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case detection and treatment, the Nigerian Ministry of Defense Health Implementation Program and the US Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Nigeria introduced a HIV standard of care (SOC) package. Given the integration of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV programs and evolving policies, we evaluated the impact of this strategy on TB program indicators.Methods: Routine, de-identified program data from 27 Nigerian military hospitals were analyzed. Using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, bivariate analyses were performed to compare data from 12 months before and after implementation of the SOC package.Results: Our data showed improvements post-implementation as follows: the number of individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) screened for TB increased from 14 530 to 29 467 (P < 0.001); the number of individuals with presumptive TB identified increased from 803 to 1800 (P < 0.001); the number of ART clients bacteriologically tested for TB increased from 746 to 1717 (P < 0.001); and the number of ART clients treated for TB increased from 152 to 282 (P < 0.001). Newly registered or relapsed TB cases increased from 436 to 906 (P < 0.001), the number of TB cases with known HIV status increased from 437 to 837 (P < 0.001), the number of TB-HIV co-infected cases increased from 182 to 301 (P = 0.006), and the number of TB-HIV co-infected clients who started ART increased from 101 to 176 (P = 0.003).Conclusion: The implementation of the updated HIV SOC package led to the improvement in key TB diagnosis and treatment indicators. When emulated, this could help improve the performance of other TB programs in countries other than Nigeria.

scholarly journals Catholic Church and the Italian public television. An enduring relation with an interlude: the Council

2015 ◽  
pp. 179-199
Author(s):  
Federico Ruozzi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Public Television ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The article presents the entanglement of the Catholic Church and the media by focusing on the case of the Second Vatican Council and the television broadcast of its events. The mass media attention of the council stimulated, according to the author, a double level: the media conveyed more information about the church event than it had ever done before, but at the same time, the mass media influenced the discussion of the council fathers. The article also analyzes, through the lens of the Council, the recent relationship between the Catholic Church and the Italian television.  

scholarly journals Klummen som politisk barometer

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Rimestad
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Two Parameters

Columns generally take up a lot of space in the media. But what can an employed journalist write in his column? How is this particular freedom managed and shaped? In this article the columns written by journalists working for Berlingske Tidende are analyzed. The analysis covers two months before and after substantial changes in the paper in 2003. Two parameters are used in the analysis: Political: Is the column pro-government, anti-government, apolitical or mixed. And what sphere does the column cover: Does the column take place in the private sphere or the public sphere? Finally the changes in the period are discussed. But initially the column as a genre is defined.

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