Complex interactions between benefits, ecosystem services and landscape dynamics: A synthesis of Lake Malombe, Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodgers Makwinja ◽  
Seyoum Mengistou ◽  
Emmanuel Kaunda ◽  
Tena Alamirew
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Dynamics ◽  
Complex Interactions

scholarly journals Complex settlement and the landscape dynamic of the Iščica floodplain (Ljubljana Marshes, Slovenia)

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 254-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrij Mlekuž ◽  
Mihael Budja ◽  
Nives Ogrinc
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Landscape Dynamics ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Landscape Dynamic ◽  
Early And Middle Holocene ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequences

This paper addresses the complex interactions between settlement patterns and landscape dynamics in the Iščica floodplain (the Ljubljana Marshes, Slovenia) during the early and middle Holocene. This complex interaction can be observed on many nested spatial and temporal levels. The paper examines landscape and settlement dynamics on the micro-regional scale by exploring settlement patterns and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) imagery, and on the settlement scale by analysis and radiocarbon dating of stratigraphic sequences from the Maharski prekop site.

Toxicology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. J. Frid ◽  
Bryony A. Caswell
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

To determine whether or not a contaminant has the potential to become a pollutant, its biological effects must first be established. The scientific discipline of toxicology considers the measurement of toxins, their mechanisms and the effects they have on the environment, its inhabitants and on human health. This chapter describes how contaminants behave in marine environments, how organisms are exposed to them and how they respond at the molecular, individual, population and ecosystem levels. Marine organisms exhibit a range of different responses and detoxification mechanisms that are used as the basis of approaches for measuring toxicity. The complex interactions of pollutants in the environment, their interactions with other toxicants and the large natural variability in toxic effects between species and individuals make this challenging. However, in order to regulate the production and discharge of pollutants it is critical that the impacts on ecosystems and ecosystem services are understood.

The Influence of Changing Conservation Paradigms on Identifying Priority Protected Area Locations

2011 ◽  
pp. 286-302
Author(s):  
Alan Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Hydrological Services

Conservation planning for climate change adaptation is only one in a long sequence of conservation paradigms. To identify priority locations for protected areas it must compete with three other contemporary paradigms: conservation of ecosystem services, optimizing conservation of ecosystem services and poverty alleviation, and reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. This chapter shows how conservation paradigms evolved, discusses the merits of different approaches to modelling potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity, and describes the hybrid BIOCLIMA model and its application to Amazonia. It then discusses conservation planning applications of the three other contemporary paradigms, illustrated by examples from Amazonia and Kenya. It finds that rapid paradigm evolution is not a handicap if earlier paradigms can be nested within later ones. But more sophisticated planning tools are needed to identify optimal locations of protected areas when climate is changing, and to use protection to mitigate climate change. These should encompass the complex interactions between biodiversity, hydrological services, carbon cycling services, climate change, and human systems.

scholarly journals Linking long-term landscape dynamics to the multiple interactions among ecosystem services in the European Alps

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1903-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Egarter Vigl ◽  
Uta Schirpke ◽  
Erich Tasser ◽  
Ulrike Tappeiner
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Dynamics ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Multiple Interactions

Where’s the fat? Freeze-fracture analysis of ingredient interactions in food systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Jean Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Fat Reduction ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Conventional Foods ◽  
Whipped Cream

An important trend in the food industry today is reduction in the amount of fat in manufactured foods. Often fat reduction is accomplished by replacing part of the natural fat with carbohydrates which serve to bind water and increase viscosity. It is in understanding the roles of these two major components of food, fats and carbohydrates, that freeze-fracture is so important. It is well known that conventional fixation procedures are inadequate for many food products, in particular, foods with carbohydrates as a predominant structural feature. For some food science applications the advantages of freeze-fracture preparation procedures include not only the avoidance of chemical fixatives, but also the opportunity to control the temperature of the sample just prior to rapid freezing.In conventional foods freeze-fracture has been used most successfully in analysis of milk and milk products. Milk gels depend on interactions between lipid droplets and proteins. Whipped emulsions, either whipped cream or ice cream, involve complex interactions between lipid, protein, air cell surfaces, and added emulsifiers.

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