Maternal antiviral treatment safeguards infants from hepatitis B transmission in contingencies of delayed immunoprophylaxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2377-2384
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yiqi Yu ◽  
Chao Qiu ◽  
Zhonghua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Hepatitis B Transmission

European Recommendations for the Management of Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Hepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Enis Uruci
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

Exposure prevention is the primary strategy to reduce the risk of occupational bloodborne pathogen infections in healthcare workers (HCW). HCWs should be made aware of the medicolegal and clinical relevance of reporting an exposure, and have ready access to expert consultants to receive appropriate counselling, treatment and follow-up. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV), and demonstration of immunisation before employment are strongly recommended. HCWs with postvaccinal anti-HBs levels, 1-2 months after vaccine completion, .or=10 mIU/mL are considered as responders. Responders are protected against HBV infection: booster doses of vaccine or periodic antibody concentration testing are not recommended. Alternative strategies to overcome non-response should be adopted. Isolated anti-HBc positive HCWs should be tested for anti-HBcIgM and HBV-DNA: if negative, anti-HBs response to vaccination can distinguish between infection (anti-HBs .or=50 mIU/ml 30 days after 1st vaccination: anamnestic response) and false positive results(anti-HBs .or=10 mUI/ml 30 days after 3rd vaccination: primary response); true positive subjects have resistance to re-infection. and do not need vaccination The management of an occupational exposure to HBV differs according to the susceptibility of the exposed HCW and the serostatus of the source. When indicated, post-exposure prophylaxis with HBV vaccine, hepatitis B immunoglobulin or both must be started as soon as possible (within 1-7 days). In the absence of prophylaxis against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, follow-up management of HCV exposures depends on whether antiviral treatment during the acute phase is chosen. Test the HCW for HCV-Ab at baseline and after 6 months; up to 12 for HIV-HCV co-infected sources. If treatment is recommended, perform ALT (amino alanine transferase) activity at baseline and monthly for 4 months after exposure, and qualitative HCV-RNA when an increase is detected. Introduction Bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) represent an important hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs) (1). In the general population, HCV prevalence varies geographically from about 0.5% in northern countries to 2% in Mediterranean countries, with some 5 million chronic carriers estimated in Europe; while HBV prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 3%. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year in Europe 304 000 HCWs are exposed to at least one percutaneous injury with a sharp object contaminated with HBV, 149 000 are exposed to HCV and 22 000 to HIV. The probability of acquiring a bloodborne infection following an occupational exposure has been estimated to be on average.

scholarly journals A noninvasive model to predict liver histology for antiviral therapy decision in chronic hepatitis B with alanine aminotransferase < 2 upper limit of normal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Haijun Huang ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Liver Histology ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Upper Limit

Abstract Background At present, most assessments of liver fibrosis staging mainly focus on non-invasive diagnostic methods. This study aims to construct a noninvasive model to predict liver histology for antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 2 times upper limit of normal (ULN). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 577 patients with CHB who received liver biopsy and whose ALT was less than 2 ULN. Then they were randomly divided into a training group and a validation group. Through logistic regression analysis, a novel predictive model was constructed in the training group to predict significant changes in liver histology [necro-inflammatory activity grade (G) ≥ 2 or fibrosis stage (S) ≥ 2] and then validated in the validation group. Results If liver biopsy showed moderate or severe inflammation or significant fibrosis, antiviral treatment was recommended. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), anti-hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti-HBC) and glutamine transpeptidase (GGT) were identified as independent predictors for antiviral therapy, with area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.649, 0.647 and 0.616, respectively. Our novel model index, which combined AST, anti- HBC and GGT with AUROC of 0.700 and 0.742 in training set and validation set. Conclusions This study established a noninvasive model to predict liver histology for antiviral treatment decision in patients with CHB with ALT < 2 ULN, which can reduce the clinical needs of liver biopsy.

Risk of Hepatitis B Transmission in Breast-fed Infants of Chronic Hepatitis B Carriers

2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Hill ◽  
Jeanne S. Sheffield ◽  
Matthew J. Kim ◽  
James M. Alexander ◽  
Barbara Sercely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Transmission ◽  
Breast Fed

Influence of Syphilis in Hepatitis B Transmission in a Cohort of Female Prostitutes

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. BRATOS ◽  
J. M. EIROS ◽  
A. ORDUNA ◽  
M. CUERVO ◽  
R. ORTIZ DE LEJARAZU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Female Prostitutes ◽  
Hepatitis B Transmission
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