Increased metabolite production by deletion of an HDA1-type histone deacetylase in the phytopathogenic fungi, Magnaporthe oryzae (Pyricularia oryzae ) and Fusarium asiaticum

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Maeda ◽  
M. Izawa ◽  
Y. Nakajima ◽  
Q. Jin ◽  
T. Hirose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum

Antifungal Activities of Some Indole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wen-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Nine indole derivatives were evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum, and Alternaria brassicae. Most of the compounds were found to possess antifungal activities. Especially compounds 2, 5, 8, and 9 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the above-mentioned seven phytopathogenic fungi, and showed more potent activities than hymexazole, a commercial agricultural fungicide.

Characterization and proposed spontaneous deletion mechanism of AVR-Pik locus in Pyricularia oryzae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyo Han Thwin ◽  
Mai Funabiki ◽  
Yuki Tomita ◽  
Takehiko Yamazaki ◽  
Ayumi Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant

Abstract In phytopathogenic fungi, a mutation in the avirulence gene can lead to the breakdown of resistance in the host plant. The nucleotide sequences of the AVR-Pik locus in the strain Ina168 and its spontaneous mutant Ina168m95-5 of Pyricularia oryzae were determined. An AVR-Pik spontaneous deletion mechanism of Ina168m95-5, including multiple homologous recombination events involving repetitive transposable elements, is proposed.

Polycomb repressive complex 2 coordinates with Sin3 histone deacetylase complex to epigenetically reprogram genome-wide expression of effectors and regulate pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongling Wu ◽  
Jiehua Qiu ◽  
Huanbin Shi ◽  
Chuyu Lin ◽  
Jiangnan Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Invasive Growth ◽  
Polycomb Repressive Complex ◽  
Host Environment ◽  
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Expression

The strict suppression and reprogramming of gene expression are necessary at different development stages and/or in response to environment stimuli in eukaryotes. In Rice Magnaporthe oryzae pathosystem, effectors from pathogen are kept transcriptionally silenced in the vegetative growth stage and are highly expressed during invasive growth stage to adapt to the host environment. However, the mechanism of how such effectors are stably repressed in the vegetative stage and its roles during rice blast infection remain unclear so far. Here, we showed that all subunits of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 are required for such repression by direct H3K27me3 occupancy and pathogenic process in M. oryzae. Suppression of polycomb-mediated H3K27me3 causes an improper induction of effectors during vegetative growth thus simulating a host environment. Notably, the addition subunit P55 not only acts as the bridge to connect with core subunits to form a complex in M. oryzae, but also recruits Sin3 histone deacetylase complex to prompt H3K27me3 occupancy for stable maintenance of transcriptional silencing of the target genes in the absence of PRC1. In contrast, during invasive growth stage, the repressed state of effectors chromatin can be partially erased during pathogenic development resulting in transcriptional activation of effectors therein. Overall, Polycomb repressive complex 2 coordinates with Sin3 histone deacetylase complex to epigenetically reprogram genome-wide expression of effectors, which act as molecular switch to memorize the host environment from vegetative to invasive growth, thus contributing to the infection of rice blast.

scholarly journals A Clone Resource of Magnaporthe oryzae Effectors That Share Sequence and Structural Similarities Across Host-Specific Lineages

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohann Petit-Houdenot ◽  
Thorsten Langner ◽  
Adeline Harant ◽  
Joe Win ◽  
Sophien Kamoun
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Clone Library ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Blast Fungus

The blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) is a destructive plant pathogen that can infect about 50 species of both wild and cultivated grasses, including important crops such as rice and wheat. M. oryzae is composed of genetically differentiated lineages that tend to infect specific host genera. To date, most studies of M. oryzae effectors have focused on the rice-infecting lineage. We describe a clone resource of 195 effectors of Magnaporthe species predicted from all the major host-specific lineages. These clones are freely available as Golden Gate–compatible entry plasmids. Our aim is to provide the community with an open source effector clone library to be used in a variety of functional studies. We hope that this resource will encourage studies of M. oryzae effectors on diverse host species.

scholarly journals Deletion of the Histone Deacetylase HdaA in Endophytic Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Fes1701 Induces the Complex Response of Multiple Bioactive Secondary Metabolite Production and Relevant Gene Cluster Expression

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Ding ◽  
Haibo Zhou ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Huiming Huang ◽  
Haotian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Production ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Epigenetic Regulator ◽  
Relevant Gene

Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in controlling fungal secondary metabolism. Here, we report the pleiotropic effects of the epigenetic regulator HdaA (histone deacetylase) on secondary metabolite production and the associated biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) expression in the plant endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Fes1701. Deletion of the hdaA gene in strain Fes1701 induced a significant change of the secondary metabolite profile with the emergence of the bioactive indole alkaloid meleagrin. Simultaneously, more meleagrin/roquefortine-related compounds and less chrysogine were synthesized in the ΔhdaA strain. Transcriptional analysis of relevant gene clusters in ΔhdaA and wild strains indicated that disruption of hdaA had different effects on the expression levels of two BGCs: the meleagrin/roquefortine BGC was upregulated, while the chrysogine BGC was downregulated. Interestingly, transcriptional analysis demonstrated that different functional genes in the same BGC had different responses to the disruption of hdaA. Thereinto, the roqO gene, which encodes a key catalyzing enzyme in meleagrin biosynthesis, showed the highest upregulation in the ΔhdaA strain (84.8-fold). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the upregulation of HdaA inactivation on meleagrin/roquefortine alkaloid production in the endophytic fungus P. chrysogenum. Our results suggest that genetic manipulation based on the epigenetic regulator HdaA is an important strategy for regulating the productions of secondary metabolites and expanding bioactive natural product resources in endophytic fungi.

scholarly journals Fenhexamid - an efficient and inexpensive fungicide for selection of Magnaporthe oryzae transformants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wegner ◽  
Louisa Wirtz ◽  
Thomas Leisen ◽  
Matthias Hahn ◽  
Ulrich Schaffrath
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMagnaporthe oryzae is one of the most economically important phytopathogenic fungi, and is used as a model organism to study plant-pathogen interactions. To unravel the infection process, forward and reverse genetic approaches are essential, but are often hindered by the lack of a straightforward selection procedure for transformants. Here we report on the use of fenhexamid, an inhibitor of ergosterol biosynthesis, for selection of M. oryzae transformants. An allele of the sterol 3-ketoreductase gene of Fusarium fujikuroi (FfERG27), known to confer resistance to fenhexamid, has already been used successfully with transformants of Botrytis cinerea. Our results demonstrate that expression of the FfERG27 allele in M. oryzae also enables highly efficient selection of transformants on fenhexamid-containing media. The use of fenhexamid is an inexpensive alternative for selection as compared to commonly used antibiotics like hygromycin. No impact on growth and infection phenotypes of fenhexamid resistant M. oryzae mutants was detected, which underpins its usefulness for selecting M. oryzae transformants.

scholarly journals Characterization of Sterol Demethylation Inhibitor-Resistant Isolates of Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum Collected from Wheat in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yin ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
B. Li ◽  
Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Dmi Resistance

Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum are the primary causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in China. In this study, sensitivities of 159 F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates to a benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim (MBC) and to sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) tebuconazole and prochloraz were determined. Among the 159 isolates, 9 were resistant to MBC and designated as MBC-R isolates. Three showed resistance to tebuconazole and prochloraz and designated as DMI-R isolates. There was no cross-resistance between MBC and DMI. Genetic analysis by microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that MBC-R or DMI-R isolates had different genotypes, which indicated that they originated from different wild-type parents. Analysis of two 14α-demethylase (cyp51) homologous genes (cyp51A and cyp51B) showed that the F. asiaticum isolates could be distinguished from F. graminearum isolates based on the sequence of cyp51A. Analysis of deduced amino acid sequence of cyp51A and cyp51B suggested that no mutations were associated with DMI resistance. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the DMI resistance was not related to the expression of cyp51A and cyp51B in F. asiaticum and F. graminearum, but expressions of both genes were induced greatly by the tebuconazole. Results of this study indicated that cyp51A would be an informative marker for analysis of population structure of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum, and the existence of homologous cyp51 genes in F. asiaticum and F. graminearum could provide new insights into DMI resistance in phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E Positively Modulates Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Formation, Host Invasion and Stress Homeostasis in the Filamentous Fungi Magnaporthe oryzae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajjiha Batool ◽  
Ammarah Shabbir ◽  
Lili Lin ◽  
Xiaomin Chen ◽  
Qiuli An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Regulatory Machinery ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Translation initiation factor eIF4E generally mediates the recognition of the 5’cap structure of mRNA during the recruitment of the ribosomes to capped mRNA. Although the eIF4E has been shown to regulate stress response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe positively, there is no direct experimental evidence for the contributions of eIF4E to both physiological and pathogenic development of filamentous fungi. We generated Magnaporthe oryzae eIF4E (MoeIF4E3) gene deletion strains using homologous recombination strategies. Phenotypic and biochemical analyses of MoeIF4E3 defective strains showed that the deletion of MoeIF4E3 triggered a significant reduction in growth and conidiogenesis. We also showed that disruption of MoeIF4E3 partially impaired conidia germination, appressorium integrity and attenuated the pathogenicity of ΔMoeif4e3 strains. In summary, this study provides experimental insights into the contributions of the eIF4E3 to the development of filamentous fungi. Additionally, these observations underscored the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the translational regulatory machinery in phytopathogenic fungi during pathogen-host interaction progression.

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