Evolution of sexual dimorphism in an endemic toad of the Qinghai–Tibet plateau fails to obey Rensch’s rule

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Lei Yu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Mariana M. Vasconcellos ◽  
Yu Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rensch’S Rule ◽  
Rensch's Rule ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Rensch's rule and sexual dimorphism in salamanders: patterns and potential processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Colleoni ◽  
M. Denoël ◽  
E. Padoa-Schioppa ◽  
S. Scali ◽  
G. F. Ficetola
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Rensch’S Rule ◽  
Rensch's Rule

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in cranial shape and size in geomyoid rodents: multivariate and evolutionary perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J M Calede ◽  
Andrew Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Rensch’S Rule ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Rensch's Rule ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Geomyoid rodents provide a great study system for the analysis of sexual dimorphism. They are polygynic and many inhabit harsh arid environments thought to promote sexual dimorphism. In fact, there has been extensive work published on the sexual size dimorphism of individual populations and species within this rodent clade. However, little work has been undertaken to assess the evolutionary patterns and processes associated with this sexual dimorphism. We use multivariate analyses of cranial measurements in a phylogenetic framework to determine the distribution of size and shape dimorphism among geomyoids and test for Rensch’s rule. Our results suggest that sexual dimorphism is more common in geomyids than heteromyids, but it is not in fact universal. There is evidence for variation in sexual dimorphism across populations. Additionally, in many taxa, geographic variation appears to overwhelm existing sexual dimorphism. We find support for the repeated independent evolution of shape and size dimorphism across geomyoid taxa, but we do not find support for an association between size and shape dimorphism. There is no evidence for Rensch’s rule in geomyoids, whether at the superfamily or family level. Together, our findings suggest that there is no single explanation for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids and that, instead, it is the product of numerous evolutionary events. Future studies incorporating phylogenetic relationships will be necessary to paint a more complete picture of the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids.

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