Methods for the characterization of activity patterns in elusive species: the giant armadillo in the Brazilian Pantanal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. J. Desbiez ◽  
D. Kluyber ◽  
G. F. Massocato ◽  
N. Attias
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Elusive Species ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

scholarly journals Phylogeography of msp4 genotypes of Anaplasma marginale in beef cattle from the Brazilian Pantanal

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inalda Angélica de Souza Ramos ◽  
Heitor Miraglia Herrera ◽  
Natália Serra Mendes ◽  
Simone de Jesus Fernandes ◽  
João Bosco Vilela Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Network Distance ◽  
Msp4 Gene ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal ◽  
Extensive Breeding

Abstract The msp4 gene of A. marginale is unicodon, stable and mostly homogeneous, being considered as a useful marker for phylogeographic characterization of this bacterium. The objective of this work was to analyze the phylogeography of A. marginale based on the msp4 gene in beef cattle from the Brazilian Pantanal, compared to those found in other regions worldwide. The blood samples investigated were collected from 400 animals (200 cows and 200 calves) reared in five extensive breeding farms in this region. The results indicated that of the evaluated samples, 56.75% (227/400) were positive for A. marginale based on the msp1β gene by quantitatitve PCR (qPCR), while 8.37% (19/227) were positive for the msp4 gene in the conventional PCR. In the Network distance analysis, 14 sequences from the Brazilian Pantanal were grouped into a single group with those from Thailand, India, Spain, Colombia, Parana (Brazil), Mexico, Portugal, Argentina, China, Venezuela, Australia, Italy and Minas Gerais (Brazil). Among 68 sequences from Brazil and the world, 15 genotypes were present while genotype number one (#1) was the most distributed worldwide. Both Splitstree and network analyses showed that the A. marginale msp4 sequences detected in beef cattle from the Brazilian Pantanal showed low polymorphism, with the formation of one genogroup phylogenetically related to those found in ruminants from South and Central America, Europe, and Asia.

scholarly journals Characterizing Behavioral Activity Rhythms in Older Adults Using Actigraphy

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Ariel B. Neikrug ◽  
Ivy Y. Chen ◽  
Jake R. Palmer ◽  
Susan M. McCurry ◽  
Michael Von Korff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy

Wrist actigraphy has been used to assess sleep in older adult populations for nearly half a century. Over the years, the continuous raw activity data derived from actigraphy has been used for the characterization of factors beyond sleep/wake such as physical activity patterns and circadian rhythms. Behavioral activity rhythms (BAR) are useful to describe individual daily behavioral patterns beyond sleep and wake, which represent important and meaningful clinical outcomes. This paper reviews common rhythmometric approaches and summarizes the available data from the use of these different approaches in older adult populations. We further consider a new approach developed in our laboratory designed to provide graphical characterization of BAR for the observed behavioral phenomenon of activity patterns across time. We illustrate the application of this new approach using actigraphy data collected from a well-characterized sample of older adults (age 60+) with osteoarthritis (OA) pain and insomnia. Generalized additive models (GAM) were implemented to fit smoothed nonlinear curves to log-transformed aggregated actigraphy-derived activity measurements. This approach demonstrated an overall strong model fit (R2 = 0.82, SD = 0.09) and was able to provide meaningful outcome measures allowing for graphical and parameterized characterization of the observed activity patterns within this sample.

scholarly journals The relationship between external temperature and daily activity in a large rodent (Dasyprocta azarae) in the Brazilian Pantanal

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cid ◽  
Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos ◽  
Guilherme Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Diurnal Period

Abstract:Daily activity patterns reflect interactions between circadian mechanisms and environmental stimuli. Among these stimuli, temperature can be an important factor affecting activity budgets. To sample the agouti (Dasyprocta azarae), a systematic camera-trap grid was established with 50 independent sampling sites. A circular kernel function was used to characterize the activity patterns of the agouti population. To evaluate shifts in activity as a function of mean daily temperature, the entire set of records was subdivided into smaller sets covering different temperature ranges. The activity pattern belonging to each set was characterized and compared through the overlap of their full activity (95% isopleth) and activity core (50% isopleth). Based on 400 independent records, agoutis were predominately diurnal. They shifted their activity core, while keeping their activity range (the amount of time a population remains active during the 24-h cycle) constant through the temperature gradient. The agouti demonstrated a unimodal activity pattern at lower temperatures, which became more bimodal at higher temperatures. Nevertheless, it kept its activity range constant, regardless of temperature. These results likely reflect a trade-off between activity time and thermoregulation during the diurnal period and demonstrate how the agouti can change its behaviour to achieve thermal comfort.

Characterization of different groups of elderly according to social engagement activity patterns

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Croezen ◽  
A. Haveman-Nies ◽  
V. J. Alvarado ◽  
P. Veer ◽  
C. P. G. M. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Activity Patterns

scholarly journals Is reintroduction a tool for the conservation of the jaguar Panthera onca? A case study in the Brazilian Pantanal

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rose Lilian Gasparini-Morato ◽  
Leonardo Sartorello ◽  
Lilian Rampim ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Fragoso ◽  
Joares Adenilson May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

Abstract To evaluate the feasibility of reintroduction as a tool for conservation of the jaguar Panthera onca, we adapted the IUCN soft release protocol to reintroduce two jaguars in the southern Pantanal, Brazil. After being kept at rescue centres for 13 months, the jaguars were moved to a 1-ha enclosure with native vegetation on a 53,000 ha ranch in the Pantanal, where hunting is not allowed and prey is abundant. In the enclosure, the animals were fed with meat, dead animals (roadkill) and then, progressively, live wild prey. After 11 months, the jaguars were fitted with collars equipped with GPS/VHF (recording one location per hour) and accelerometers, and released in the same area. The animals established residence near the enclosure, with home ranges, movement parameters, daily activity patterns and prey consumption similar to that recorded in previous studies. Social interaction and reproduction indicated the reintroduction was successful, and that it can be a tool for the species' survival in areas where the jaguar population is in decline.

scholarly journals Characterization of proprioceptive system dynamics in behaving Drosophila larvae using high-speed volumetric microscopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Vaadia ◽  
Wenze Li ◽  
Venkatakaushik Voleti ◽  
Aditi Singhania ◽  
Elizabeth M.C. Hillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Rigid Joints

SummaryProprioceptors provide feedback about body position that is essential for coordinated movement. Proprioceptive sensing of the position of rigid joints has been described in detail in several systems, however it is not known how animals with an elastic skeleton encode their body positions. Understanding how diverse larval body positions are dynamically encoded requires knowledge of proprioceptor activity patterns in vivo during natural movement. Here we applied high-speed volumetric SCAPE microscopy to simultaneously track the position, physical deformation, and temporal patterns of intracellular calcium activity of multidendritic proprioceptors in crawling Drosophila larvae. During the periodic segment contraction and relaxation that occurs during crawling, proprioceptors with diverse morphologies showed sequential onset of activity throughout each periodic episode. A majority of these proprioceptors showed activity during segment contraction with one neuron type activated by segment extension. Different timing of activity of contraction-sensing proprioceptors was related to distinct dendrite terminal targeting, providing a continuum of position encoding during all phases of crawling. These dynamics could endow different proprioceptors with specific roles in monitoring the progression of contraction waves, as well as body shape during other behaviors. We provide activity measurements during exploration as one example. Our results provide powerful new insights into the body-wide neuronal dynamics of the proprioceptive system in crawling Drosophila, and demonstrate the utility of our approach for characterization of neural encoding throughout the nervous system of a freely behaving animal.

scholarly journals Multi-sensor biologgers and innovative training allow data collection with high conservation and welfare value in zoos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M English ◽  
Luke Harvey ◽  
Rory P Wilson ◽  
Richard M Gunner ◽  
Mark D Holton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
African Wild Dogs ◽  
Magnetometer Data ◽  
Elusive Species ◽  
Wild Dogs

Abstract Zoos are valuable resources for research, providing scientists with access to rare and elusive species in an easy to observe environment. Animal-attached loggers (aka biologgers) offer profound insight into animal behaviour. Their use in zoos has high yet largely untapped potential to collect data relevant for wild animal research and conservation but also welfare and enrichment monitoring of the zoo animals themselves. However, affixing biologgers to study animals can be problematic in captive settings, limiting the accessibility of this technology for use on zoo species which ordinarily need to be sedated for the fitting of such devices, including large carnivores. Here we show that biologging collars and crate-training allow collection of novel datasets on captive animals with high welfare and conservation value, using endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) tagged with tri-axial accelerometer and tri-axial magnetometer loggers, as a case study. Two yearling female wild dogs were fitted with biologging collars while sedated in preparation for translocation from London to Whipsnade Zoo, with data collected for 10–26 hours until collar detachment. Two adult male wild dogs at London Zoo were trained to accept collars in a modified crate in exchange for a food reward, which allowed fitting and detaching the collars without sedation, with data collected for 28 days. First, we show how accelerometer and magnetometer data allow detection of fine-scale individual differences in the recovery from sedation as well as within- and between-individual variation in activity patterns in relation to the type of food received (tong vs. rabbit and pony carcass). Using the vectorial dynamic body acceleration metric (VeDBA), a proxy for movement-related energy expenditure, further shows that daily energy expenditure was higher on days with partial pony carcass feeds compared to rabbit feeds but varied considerably between days where flesh pieces were fed with tongs. Using the dead-reckoning method allowed reconstruction of fine-scale (1 Hz locations) movement paths within enclosures, indoors and outdoors, allowing visualisation and quantification of fine-scale movement and space use differences between individuals and over time, for example in response to different enrichment methods. Using multi-sensor biologgers, combined with training captive animals to accept collars without the use of anaesthetic, can enable flexible, experimental approaches to data collection with minimal impact on study animals, providing novel understanding of relevance for both zoo and wild animals.

β-Adrenergic modulation of spontaneous spatiotemporal activity patterns and synchrony in hyperexcitable hippocampal circuits

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 658-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Hazra ◽  
Robert Rosenbaum ◽  
Bernhard Bodmann ◽  
Siyuan Cao ◽  
Krešimir Josić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Ca1 Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
Adrenergic Modulation ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings

A description of healthy and pathological brain dynamics requires an understanding of spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity and characteristics of its propagation between interconnected circuits. However, the structure and modulation of the neural activation maps underlying these patterns and their propagation remain elusive. We investigated effects of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation on the spatiotemporal characteristics of emergent activity in rat hippocampal circuits. Synchronized epileptiform-like activity, such as interictal bursts (IBs) and ictal-like events (ILEs), were evoked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and their dynamics were studied using a combination of electrophysiology and fast voltage-sensitive dye imaging. Dynamic characterization of the spontaneous IBs showed that they originated in dentate gyrus/CA3 border and propagated toward CA1. To determine how β-AR modulates spatiotemporal characteristics of the emergent IBs, we used the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO). ISO significantly reduced the spatiotemporal extent and propagation velocity of the IBs and significantly altered network activity in the 1- to 20-Hz range. Dual whole cell recordings of the IBs in CA3/CA1 pyramidal cells and optical analysis of those regions showed that ISO application reduced interpyramidal and interregional synchrony during the IBs. In addition, ISO significantly reduced duration not only of the shorter duration IBs but also the prolonged ILEs in 4-AP. To test whether the decrease in ILE duration was model dependent, we used a different hyperexcitability model, zero magnesium (0 Mg2+). Prolonged ILEs were readily formed in 0 Mg2+, and addition of ISO significantly reduced their durations. Taken together, these novel results provide evidence that β-AR activation dynamically reshapes the spatiotemporal activity patterns in hyperexcitable circuits by altering network rhythmogenesis, propagation velocity, and intercellular/regional synchronization.

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