Differences in standard metabolic rate at the range edge versus the center of an expanding invasive population of Xenopus laevis in the West of France

2018 ◽  
Vol 305 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Louppe ◽  
J. Courant ◽  
M. Videlier ◽  
A. Herrel
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Invasive Population ◽  
The West ◽  
Range Edge

Field-Testing a Standard Metabolic Rate Estimation Technique for Eastern Red-Backed Salamanders

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Patrick J Ruhl ◽  
Robert N Chapman ◽  
John B. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Rate Estimation

scholarly journals Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Pilakouta ◽  
Shaun S. Killen ◽  
Bjarni K. Kristjánsson ◽  
Skúli Skúlason ◽  
Jan Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
In The Wild

Conserved growth rate and age structure of Xenopus laevis in the edge and core of an expanding population

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Courant ◽  
Layla Adil ◽  
Barbara De Kegel ◽  
Dominique Adriaens ◽  
Anthony Herrel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Range Edge ◽  
Investment In Reproduction ◽  
Range Core ◽  
Expanding Population

Abstract Invasive species represent a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary mechanisms driving range expansions. Although range expansion is expected to be associated with increased reproduction and dispersal at the range edge, Xenopus laevis seems to decrease its reproductive investment and to enhance dispersal at the range edge. Evidence of increased dispersal at the edge of expanding populations occurring simultaneously with a faster growth rate has been reported for other organisms. Here, we focused on the growth rate and age structure at the range edge vs. the range core in an expanding population of X. laevis. We used skeletochronology to characterize the age of 250 individuals captured at the range core and edge of this expanding population. Using the Von Bertalanffy equation, we then compared individual growth rates between locations. We found no significant changes in growth rate or age structure between edge and core samples. This result suggests that the reduced investment in reproduction recorded in another study at the range edge might compensate for the increased dispersal without impacting growth in this population. This implies that the resource allocation in an expanding population might thus be more diverse than commonly assumed.

Energy expenditure for thermoregulation and locomotion in emperor penguins

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Pinshow ◽  
MA Fedak ◽  
DR Battles ◽  
K Schmidt-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Emperor Penguins

During the antarctic winter emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) spend up to four mo fasting while they breed at rookeries 80 km or more from the sea, huddling close together in the cold. This breeding cycle makes exceptional demands on their energy reserves, and we therefore studied their thermoregulation and locomotion. Rates of metabolism were measured in five birds (mean body mass, 23.37 kg) at ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to -47 degrees C. Between 20 and -10 degrees C the metabolic rate (standard metabolic rate (SMR)) remained neraly constant, about 42.9 W. Below -10 degrees C metabolic rate increased lineraly with decreasing ambient temperature and at -47 degrees C it was 70% above the SMR. Mean thermal conductance below -10 degrees C was 1.57 W m-2 degrees C-1. Metabolic rate during treadmill walking increased linearly with increasing speed. Our data suggest that walking 200 km (from the sea to the rookery and back) requires less than 15% of the energy reserves of a breeding male emperor penguin initially weighing 35 kg. The high energy requirement for thermoregulation (about 85%) would, in the absence of huddling, probably exceed the total energy reserves.

Mitochondrial Proton Conductance, Standard Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Depression

2000 ◽  
pp. 413-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin D. Brand ◽  
Tammie Bishop ◽  
Robert G. Boutilier ◽  
Julie St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
Proton Conductance

scholarly journals Aerobic capacity influences the spatial position of individuals within fish schools

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1727) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun S. Killen ◽  
Stefano Marras ◽  
John F. Steffensen ◽  
David J. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fish Schools ◽  
Liza Aurata ◽  
Schooling Behaviour ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Focal Fish ◽  
Spatial Positioning

The schooling behaviour of fish is of great biological importance, playing a crucial role in the foraging and predator avoidance of numerous species. The extent to which physiological performance traits affect the spatial positioning of individual fish within schools is completely unknown. Schools of juvenile mullet Liza aurata were filmed at three swim speeds in a swim tunnel, with one focal fish from each school then also measured for standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximal metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope (AS) and maximum aerobic swim speed. At faster speeds, fish with lower MMR and AS swam near the rear of schools. These trailing fish required fewer tail beats to swim at the same speed as individuals at the front of schools, indicating that posterior positions provide hydrodynamic benefits that reduce swimming costs. Conversely, fish with high aerobic capacity can withstand increased drag at the leading edge of schools, where they could maximize food intake while possibly retaining sufficient AS for other physiological functions. SMR was never related to position, suggesting that high maintenance costs do not necessarily motivate individuals to occupy frontal positions. In the wild, shifting of individuals to optimal spatial positions during changing conditions could influence structure or movement of entire schools.

Aspects of the Use of Den Trees by Arboreal and Scansorial Marsupials Inhabiting Montane Ash Forests in Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Lindenmayer ◽  
RB Cunningham ◽  
MT Tanton ◽  
HA Nix
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Selection Of

The time and height of emergence from den trees occupied by various species of arboreal marsupials inhabiting the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, in south-east Australia, were recorded from September 1988 to January 1989. There were significant differences in emergence time among most species of arboreal marsupials. Emergence time was strongly correlated with published values of body weight, field metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate. The entrance to the nest was higher in gliding species than those which are non-volant. Small species exhibited a significant preference for den sites with a hole as the entrance. The entrance of a den occupied by large species was typically a hole in a hollow branch or spout. The selection of den sites was related to the body size of the occupant. Differences in the type and height of the entrance to the nest, together with the time of emergence from the den, indicate partitioning of the nest tree resource between the various species inhabiting montane ash forests.

Flight Energetics of Free-Living Sooty Terns

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth N. Flint ◽  
Kenneth A. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Flight Energetics ◽  
Flight Metabolism ◽  
Sooty Tern ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract The CO2 production of free-ranging Sooty Terns (Sterna fuscata) was measured using doubly labeled water (HTO-18). Metabolic rate during flight was determined to be 4.8 times standard metabolic rate (SMR). This value is much lower than estimates of flight metabolism predicted from previously published equations. Observations of these birds at sea indicate that flapping flight predominated at the windspeeds (0-5 m/s) that prevailed during our measurement periods, so factors other than gliding must account for the comparatively low flight metabolism we measured. Sooty Tern flight metabolism is similar to that of some other birds, such as swallows and swifts, that also have high aspect ratios and low wing loadings.

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