Occurrence of Australian woody species is driven by soil moisture and available phosphorus across a climatic gradient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Ding ◽  
Samantha Kay Travers ◽  
David John Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Climatic Gradient

Productivity and soil moisture conservation studies of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Garud ◽  
B. V. Asewar ◽  
A. S. Dhawan ◽  
D. N. Gokhale ◽  
I. A. B. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Equivalent Yield ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted to study effect of various land configurations on soil moisture conservation and productivity of pigeonpea at experimental farm of AICRP for dry land Agriculture, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani during kharif season of 2015 and 2016. Soil of experimental field was medium deep black with low in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium.The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three main plot treatments and four sub plot treatments. The gross and net plot sizes are 7.2x5.4m2 and 5.4x3.6m2 respectively. The pigeonpea variety BDN-711 was used for sowing with spacing 90 x 20 cm. The main plot treatments were three land configurations as (L1) broad bed furrow (BBF), (L2) ridges and furrow and (L3) flat bed method. Sub plot treatments were four intercropping systems i.e. (I1) pigeonpea + soybean (2:1), (I2) pigeonpea + green gram (2:1), (I3) pigeonpea + black gram (2:1) and (I4) pigeonpea + cowpea (2:1). It was observed that seed yield of pigeon pea andpigeonpea equivalent yield were significantly affected due to different land configuration and intercropping systems. The highest pigeonpea seed yield (1588 kg ha-1) and pigeonpea equivalent yield (1823 kg ha-1) were obtained with Broad bed furrows (L1) followed by ridges and furrow (L2). Among the intercropping systems, pigeonpea + greengram intercropping system (I2) recorded higher seed yield (1574 kg ha-1) and pigeonpea equivalent yield(1832 kg ha-1).Periodical soil moisture observations in different land configuration considering depth of soil, higher average soil moisture was recorded under broad bed furrow followed by ridges and furrows while lesser was recorded under flat bed sowing.

scholarly journals Recharge estimation and soil moisture dynamics in a Mediterranean karst aquifer

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 8803-8844 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ries ◽  
J. Lange ◽  
S. Schmidt ◽  
H. Puhlmann ◽  
M. Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Soil Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Abstract. Knowledge of soil moisture dynamics in the unsaturated soil zone provides valuable information on the temporal and spatial variability of groundwater recharge. This is especially true for the Mediterranean region, where a substantial fraction of long-term groundwater recharge is expected to occur during high magnitude precipitation events of above-average wet winters. To elucidate process understanding of infiltration processes during these extreme events, a monitoring network of precipitation gauges, meteorological stations, and soil moisture plots was installed in an area with a steep climatic gradient in the Jordan Valley region. In three soil moisture plots, Hydrus-1D was used to simulate water movement in the unsaturated soil zone with soil hydraulic parameters estimated by the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm. To generalize our results, we modified soil depth and rainfall input to simulate the effect of the pronounced climatic gradient and soil depth variability on percolation fluxes and applied the calibrated model to a time series with 62 years of meteorological data. Soil moisture measurements showed a pronounced seasonality and suggested rapid infiltration during heavy rainstorms. Hydrus-1D successfully simulated short and long-term soil moisture patterns, with the majority of simulated deep percolation occurring during a few intensive rainfall events. Temperature drops in a nearby groundwater well were observed synchronously with simulated percolation pulses, indicating rapid groundwater recharge mechanisms. The 62 year model run yielded annual percolation fluxes of up to 66% of precipitation depths during wet years and of 0% during dry years. Furthermore, a dependence of recharge on the temporal rainfall distribution could be shown. Strong correlations between depth of recharge and soil depth were also observed.

scholarly journals Woody species distribution across a savanna-dry forest soil gradient in the Brazilian Cerrado

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Paula ◽  
E. Fischer ◽  
M. Silveira ◽  
H. Almeida ◽  
E. van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Sharp Transition ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Chemical Traits

Abstract Although richness and distribution of woody species in the Cerrado physiognomies have been extensively studied, the shifts of woody species from savanna physiognomies to dry forests have not yet been addressed. Here, we investigate the effect of soil physical-chemical traits on the woody species turnover between adjacent cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest physiognomies. Woody species were surveyed, and soil and topographic variables measured, in 30 10×40 m plots systematically distributed, with 15 plots in each physiognomy. We found a spatially structured distribution of woody species, and differences of soil traits between cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest areas, mainly related to the aluminum saturation, base saturation, and available phosphorus. Aluminum saturation increased toward the savanna area, while base saturation increased toward the dry forest. Most woody species predominated in one physiognomy, such as Callisthene major in the cerrado stricto sensu and Anadenanthera colubrina in the dry forest. Only 20% of the species were widely distributed across both physiognomies or, not often, restricted to the intermediary values of the soil gradient. General results indicate that contrasting soil traits between cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest produce a strongly spatially organized and sharp transition in terms of species distribution between these physiognomies.

scholarly journals Effets combinés des facteurs anthropiques et climatiques sur l’état des populations de trois espèces ligneuses vulnérables

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1763-1785
Author(s):  
Lassina Traore ◽  
Oumarou Sambare ◽  
Salfo Savadogo ◽  
Amadé Ouedraogo ◽  
Adjima Thiombiano
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Juvenile Individual

Les facteurs climatiques et anthropiques sont à l’origine de la régression de la population de nombreuses espèces ligneuses en zone soudanienne. Anogeissus leiocarpa, Bombax costatum et Detarium microcarpum sont des espèces qui ont une importance socio-économique avérée et donc elles se révèlent être vulnérables. L’évaluation comparée de l’état des peuplements des trois espèces dans les aires protégées et non protégées suivant le gradient climatique permettra de disposer d’informations utiles pour leur gestion durable. La structure des populations a été évaluée à partir d’inventaires forestiers basés sur un échantillonnage aléatoire à travers des parcelles rectangulaires de 1000 m². Les individus dont le diamètre du tronc à 1,3 m de hauteur est supérieur ou égal à 5 cm ont été mesurés. La régénération (individus à D1,3 m < 5 cm) a été comptée par classe de hauteur dans des sous-placettes de 25 m². Les densités et les surfaces terrières des trois espèces varient significativement suivant le gradient de protection dans chaque secteur climatique. A. leiocarpa et D. microcarpum possèdent de bonnes structures démographiques dans les deux secteurs climatiques soudaniens, indépendamment du type d’utilisation de terres. Seule la densité de B. costatum montre une différence significative le long du gradient climatique entre les aires protégées. L’étude révèle l’importance des aires protégées dans la conservation de ces espèces vulnérables.Mots clés : Burkina Faso, zone soudanienne, aires protégées, aires non protégées, espèces vulnérables, conservation.   Climate and land use types are mainly responsible for the decline of many woody species in Sudanian areas. Anogeissus leiocarpa, Bombax costatum and Detarium microcarpum are high-value but vulnerable species due to the anthropogenic pressure. The compared assessment of the state of the targeted species in the protected and unprotected areas along the climatic gradient will provide information that could help implementing sustainable management of these species. The population structures were evaluated from forest inventories based on a random sampling through rectangular plots of 1000 m². The adult individuals of each species with diameters ≥ 5 cm at 1.30 m of heigh were measured. The juvenile individual with diameters that were less than 5 cm were counted and classified into height classes within plots size of 25 m². The structural characteristic of the targeted species vary significantly between land uses within each climatic zone. A. leiocarpa and D. microcarpum showed a stable population structure between the two climatic sectors, irrespective of management regimes. Only density of B. costatum shows a significant difference in the PAs and along climatic gradient. The study reveals the importance of protected areas for these vulnerable species conservations.Keywords: Burkina Faso, Sudanian zone, protected areas, unprotected areas, vulnerable species, conservation.

scholarly journals Recharge estimation and soil moisture dynamics in a Mediterranean, semi-arid karst region

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1439-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ries ◽  
J. Lange ◽  
S. Schmidt ◽  
H. Puhlmann ◽  
M. Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Soil Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Abstract. Knowledge of soil moisture dynamics in the unsaturated soil zone provides valuable information on the temporal and spatial variability of groundwater recharge. This is especially true for the Mediterranean region, where a substantial fraction of long-term groundwater recharge is expected to occur during high magnitude precipitation events of above-average wet winters. To elucidate process understanding of infiltration processes during these extreme events, a monitoring network of precipitation gauges, meteorological stations, and soil moisture plots was installed in an area with a steep climatic gradient in the Jordan Valley region. In three soil moisture plots, Hydrus-1D was used to simulate water movement in the unsaturated soil zone with soil hydraulic parameters estimated by the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm. To generalize our results, we modified soil depth and rainfall input to simulate the effect of the pronounced climatic gradient and soil depth variability on percolation fluxes and applied the calibrated model to a time series with 62 years of meteorological data. Soil moisture measurements showed a pronounced seasonality and suggested rapid infiltration during heavy rainstorms. Hydrus-1D successfully simulated short and long-term soil moisture patterns, with the majority of simulated deep percolation occurring during a few intensive rainfall events. Temperature drops in a nearby groundwater well were observed synchronously with simulated percolation pulses, indicating rapid groundwater recharge mechanisms. The 62-year model run yielded annual percolation fluxes of up to 66% of precipitation depths during wet years and of 0% during dry years. Furthermore, a dependence of recharge on the temporal rainfall distribution could be shown. Strong correlations between depth of recharge and soil depth were also observed.

Altitudinal differentiation in growth and phenology among populations of temperate-zone tree species growing in a common garden

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1259-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Vitasse ◽  
Sylvain Delzon ◽  
Caroline C. Bresson ◽  
Richard Michalet ◽  
Antoine Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Ilex Aquifolium ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
High Elevations

The aim of the study was to determine whether there are genetic variations in growth and leaf phenology (flushing and senescence) among populations of six woody species ( Abies alba Mill., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Fagus sylvatica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Ilex aquifolium L., and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) along altitudinal gradients, using a common-garden experiment. We found (i) significant differences in phenology and growth among provenances for most species and (ii) evidence that these among-population differences in phenology were related to the annual temperature at the provenance sites for ash, beech, and oak. It is noteworthy that along the same climatic gradient, species can exhibit opposing genetic clines: beech populations from high elevations flushed earlier than those from low elevations, whereas we observed the opposite trend for ash and oak. For most species, significant altitudinal clines for growth were also revealed. Finally, we highlighted the fact that both phenology timing and growth rate were highly consistent from year to year. The results demonstrated that despite the proximity of the populations in their natural area, differences in altitude led to genetic differentiation in their phenology and growth. These adaptive capacities acting along a natural climatic gradient could allow populations to cope with current climate change.

Woody species composition, diversity and vegetation structure of two protected areas along a climatic gradient in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Moussa Ganamé ◽  
Philippe Bayen ◽  
Issaka Ouédraogo ◽  
Kangbéni Dimobe ◽  
Adjima Thiombiano
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Climatic Gradient

scholarly journals Effects of environmental variables on seedling distribution of rare and endangered Dacrydium pierrei

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
Chunyan Wu ◽  
Yongfu Chen ◽  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Wenquan Wang ◽  
Xiaojiang Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Rare And Endangered

AbstractBecause growth environment is affected by climate change, Dacrydium pierrei resources are becoming less and less. Therefore, understanding the effects of environmental variables on seedling-sapling distributions can help gain insight into changes in population recruitment in the context of climate change. The seedling-saplings distribution and variability of Dacrydium pierrei in environmental variables at Bawangling, Hainan, China, was surveyed over a 3-year period. In addition, laboratory experiments measuring the effects of soil moisture on seedling emergence were conducted to identify seedling development characteristics; principal component analysis (PCA) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) were used to assess how different factors influenced Dacrydium pierrei seedlings-saplings distribution. The results demonstrated that the influence degree of seedling-sapling distribution is soil temperature>litter thickness>available phosphorus>canopy density> available potassium>nitrate nitrogen; a large number of seedling-saplings occurring at altitudes 1140-1300 m; a GMM trained with a C2-L3-H4-A5-I6 combination yielded an accuracy of 72.23% in simulating seedling-saplings distribution; temperature and precipitation have strong impact on seedling-sapling distribution, with increasing soil moisture, seedling emergence shows a positive relationship. This study focuses more on developing a new method for research on the seedling-sapling distribution of Dacrydium pierrei to get reference for its adaptive management with the intense extreme climate change.

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