Mycorrhizal fungi maintain plant community stability by mitigating the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on subordinate species in Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Jia ◽  
Florian Walder ◽  
Cameron Wagg ◽  
Gu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Subordinate Species

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

Negative effects of nitrogen deposition on Swiss butterflies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Roth ◽  
Lukas Kohli ◽  
Beat Rihm ◽  
Reto Meier ◽  
Valentin Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Negative Effects

scholarly journals Above- and below-ground vertebrate herbivory may each favour a different subordinate species in an aquatic plant community

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Hidding ◽  
Bart A. Nolet ◽  
Thijs de Boer ◽  
Peter P. de Vries ◽  
Marcel Klaassen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Subordinate Species ◽  
Vertebrate Herbivory

Mycorrhizal networks: a review of their extent, function, and importance

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1140-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne W Simard ◽  
Daniel M Durall
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Mycorrhizal Networks ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Source Sink

It is well known from laboratory studies that a single mycorrhizal fungal isolate can colonize different plant species, form interplant linkages, and provide a conduit for interplant transfer of isotopic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, or water. There is increasing laboratory and field evidence that the magnitude and direction of transfer is influenced by physiological source–sink gradients between plants. There is also evidence that mycorrhizal fungi play a role in regulating transfer through their own source–sink patterns, frequency of links, and mycorrhizal dependency. Although it is plausible that connections are extensive in nature, field studies have been hampered by our inability to observe them in situ and by belowground complexity. In future, isotopic tracers, morphological observations, microsatellite techniques, and fluorescent dyes will be useful in the study of networks in nature. Mycorrhizal networks have the potential to influence patterns of seedling establishment, interplant competition, plant diversity, and plant community dynamics, but studies in this area are just beginning. Future plant community studies would benefit from concurrent experimental use of fungal network controls, isotopic labeling, direct observation of interplant linkages, and long-term observation in the field. In this paper, we review recent literature on mycorrhizal networks and interplant carbon transfer, suggest future research directions, and highlight promising scientific approaches.Key words: common mycorrhizal network, carbon transfer, source–sink, establishment, competition, diversity.

scholarly journals Global negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil microbes

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1817-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian’an Zhang ◽  
Han Y. H. Chen ◽  
Honghua Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Negative Effects

Beneficial interactions in communities: mutualism and facilitation

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-176
Author(s):  
Gary G. Mittelbach ◽  
Brian J. McGill
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biological Markets ◽  
The Face ◽  
Community Theory ◽  
Competition For Resources

The consequences of beneficial interactions for the diversity and functioning of communities remain poorly understood, but this is changing. This chapter examines how mutualism may evolve in the face of cheating, using the concept of biological markets where members of each species exchange resources and services, with associated costs and benefits. Understanding the evolution and maintenance of positive interactions in communities requires that we consider the broader web of interactions and abiotic conditions in which mutualisms are embedded—their context dependency. Ant-plant mutualisms, plant-Rhizobium mutualisms, and plant-mycorrhizal fungi mutualisms are discussed as examples of shifting costs and benefits based on context dependency. Recent advances at incorporating positive interactions into community theory allow species to have both positive and negative effects on each other’s population growth rate. For example, the presence of a neighboring plant may enhance survival in a harsh environment, but may reduce plant growth due to competition for resources.

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