The pharmacokinetics of intravenous fenoldopam in healthy, awake cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. O'Neill ◽  
M. A. Labato ◽  
M. H. Court
Keyword(s):  
Awake Cats

THE VETMOUSETRAP™: A DEVICE FOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF THE THORAX OF AWAKE CATS

2010 ◽  
pp. no-no ◽  
Author(s):  
CINTIA R. OLIVEIRA ◽  
FRANK N. RANALLO ◽  
GERALD J. PIJANOWSKI ◽  
MARK A. MITCHELL ◽  
MAURIA A. O'BRIEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomographic Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Awake Cats ◽  
Computed Tomographic Imaging

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 μg/kg/h) in awake cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ambros ◽  
Jane Alcorn ◽  
Tanya Duke-Novakovski ◽  
Alexander Livingston ◽  
Patricia M. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Awake Cats ◽  
Rate Infusion

The effects of mass-induced intracranial pressures on arterial hypertension and survival in awake cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Goodman ◽  
Donald P. Becker ◽  
John Seelig
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Intracranial Pressures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awake Cats ◽  
Supratentorial Mass

✓ Intracranial pressures above and below the tentorium, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded continuously before, during, and after expansion of a supratentorial mass in awake unsedated cats. In general, as the mass enlarged, the intracranial pressure rose; however, considerable variation was observed among animals with respect to specific mass size and associated intracranial pressures. There was considerable variation in the relationship of supratentorial pressure to infratentorial pressure. No animal survived that had sustained a mass-induced pressure exceeding 1100 mm H2O, and survival was shorter with greater pressures. Systemic hypertension occurred always and only when the infratentorial pressure exceeded 600 mm H2O, regardless of the magnitude of the associated supratentorial intracranial pressure. The methodological limitations of previous studies of mass-induced intracranial hypertension appear to have been substantially reduced by the technique described.

Sensitivity of Auditory Cortical Neurons to the Locations of Leading and Lagging Sounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 979-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Mickey ◽  
John C. Middlebrooks
Keyword(s):  
Unit Activity ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Discrete Responses ◽  
Temporal Firing ◽  
Spike Patterns ◽  
Awake Cats

We recorded unit activity in the auditory cortex (fields A1, A2, and PAF) of anesthetized cats while presenting paired clicks with variable locations and interstimulus delays (ISDs). In human listeners, such sounds elicit the precedence effect, in which localization of the lagging sound is impaired at ISDs ≲10 ms. In the present study, neurons typically responded to the leading stimulus with a brief burst of spikes, followed by suppression lasting 100–200 ms. At an ISD of 20 ms, at which listeners report a distinct lagging sound, only 12% of units showed discrete lagging responses. Long-lasting suppression was found in all sampled cortical fields, for all leading and lagging locations, and at all sound levels. Recordings from awake cats confirmed this long-lasting suppression in the absence of anesthesia, although recovery from suppression was faster in the awake state. Despite the lack of discrete lagging responses at delays of 1–20 ms, the spike patterns of 40% of units varied systematically with ISD, suggesting that many neurons represent lagging sounds implicitly in their temporal firing patterns rather than explicitly in discrete responses. We estimated the amount of location-related information transmitted by spike patterns at delays of 1–16 ms under conditions in which we varied only the leading location or only the lagging location. Consistent with human psychophysical results, transmission of information about the leading location was high at all ISDs. Unlike listeners, however, transmission of information about the lagging location remained low, even at ISDs of 12–16 ms.

Heterogeneous Neuronal Responses to Frequency-Modulated Tones in the Primary Auditory Cortex of Awake Cats

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1622-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Qin ◽  
JingYu Wang ◽  
Yu Sato
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Discrete Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Awake Cats ◽  
Sweep Speed

Previous studies in anesthetized animals reported that the primary auditory cortex (A1) showed homogenous phasic responses to FM tones, namely a transient response to a particular instantaneous frequency when FM sweeps traversed a neuron's tone-evoked receptive field (TRF). Here, in awake cats, we report that A1 cells exhibit heterogeneous FM responses, consisting of three patterns. The first is continuous firing when a slow FM sweep traverses the receptive field of a cell with a sustained tonal response. The duration and amplitude of FM response decrease with increasing sweep speed. The second pattern is transient firing corresponding to the cell's phasic tonal response. This response could be evoked only by a fast FM sweep through the cell's TRF, suggesting a preference for fast FM. The third pattern was associated with the off response to pure tones and was composed of several discrete response peaks during slow FM stimulus. These peaks were not predictable from the cell's tonal response but reliably reflected the time when FM swept across specific frequencies. Our A1 samples often exhibited a complex response pattern, combining two or three of the basic patterns above, resulting in a heterogeneous response population. The diversity of FM responses suggests that A1 use multiple mechanisms to fully represent the whole range of FM parameters, including frequency extent, sweep speed, and direction.

scholarly journals Electrophysiologic characterization of morphologically identified neurons in the cerebellar cortex of awake cats

1980 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood J. Nahvi ◽  
Charles D. Woody ◽  
Eric Tzebelikos ◽  
Charles E. Ribak
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Awake Cats

Effects of postural changes and vestibular lesions on diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity in awake cats

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Cotter ◽  
H. E. Arendt ◽  
J. G. Jasko ◽  
C. Sprando ◽  
S. P. Cass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Awake Cats

Changes in posture can affect the resting length of the diaphragm, requiring alterations in the activity of both the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm to maintain stable ventilation. To determine the role of the vestibular system in regulating respiratory muscle discharges during postural changes, spontaneous diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity and modulation of the firing of these muscles during nose-up and ear-down tilt were compared before and after removal of labyrinthine inputs in awake cats. In vestibular-intact animals, nose-up and ear-down tilts from the prone position altered rectus abdominis firing, whereas the effects of body rotation on diaphragm activity were not statistically significant. After peripheral vestibular lesions, spontaneous diaphragm and rectus abdominis discharges increased significantly (by ∼170%), and augmentation of rectus abdominis activity during nose-up body rotation was diminished. However, spontaneous muscle activity and responses to tilt began to recover after a few days after the lesions, presumably because of plasticity in the central vestibular system. These data suggest that the vestibular system provides tonic inhibitory influences on rectus abdominis and the diaphragm and in addition contributes to eliciting increases in abdominal muscle activity during some changes in body orientation.

Carotid bifurcation sympathectomy and deafferentation: respiration during hypercapnia

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. R252-R258
Author(s):  
D. B. Jennings ◽  
P. C. Szlyk
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Respiratory Effects ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Fractional Concentration ◽  
Awake Cats

The respiratory effects of hypercapnia were studied in six awake cats 1) after bilateral sympathectomy of the carotid bifurcations and 2) after bilateral section of the carotid sinus nerves. When cats breathed either 2 or 4% CO2 in air, neither denervation affected the absolute level of ventilation, the percent change in ventilation, or the range of breath-to-breath variability in ventilation (V). However, in all six cats tidal volume (VT) increased for some levels of breath V after sympathectomy of the carotid bifurcations during inhalation of 4% CO2 in air. Moreover, after the subsequent carotid deafferentation, increased VT during fractional concentration of inspired CO2 (FICO2) of 4% persisted in four of six cats. Thus increased VT after sympathectomy could not be attributed to increased carotid chemoreceptor afferent activity but may have been due to reduced baroreceptor activity. On the other hand, sympathectomy-induced differences in breath timing, present during inhalation of 2% CO2, were reversed to intact values after sinus nerve section. In contrast to 2% CO2, changes in respiratory timing in intact cats associated with 4% CO2 were not altered significantly by sympathectomy or deafferentation of the carotid bifurcations. The latter indicates that above a critical FICO2 central mechanisms, unrelated to the carotid bifurcation, dominated respiratory timing in the hypercapnic awake cats.

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