Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli mixed infection model in broiler chickens for studying valnemulin pharmacokinetics

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xiao ◽  
D. H. Zhao ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
W. Shi ◽  
H. Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Infection Model

Virulence genotype and phenotype of multiple Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Broilers assessed in a “One-Health” Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Attiq Rehman ◽  
Moussa Sory Diarra ◽  
Heidi Rempel ◽  
Catherine D Carrillo ◽  
Kim Ziebell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Tract Infections

Extraintestinal pathogenic  Escherichia coli  (ExPEC) include several serotypes which have been associated with colibacillosis in poultry,while urinary tract infections (UTI) and newborn meningitis in humans. In this study, 57 antimicrobial resistant  E. coli  from apparently healthy broiler chickens were characterized for their health and safety risks. These isolates belonged to 12 serotypes and isolates of the same serotype were determined to be clonal based on Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) analysis. Most of the isolates harbored plasmids, with  Inc  C and  Inc  FIA being frequently detected. The majority of the resistant isolates harboured plasmid-mediated resistance genes including  aph (3'')-Ib  ,  aph(6)-Id  ,  bla  CMY-2  ,  floR  ,  sul (1  and  2)  and  tet (A  and  B)  in agreement with their resistant phenotypes. The Class 1 integron was detected in all serotypes except O124:H25 and O7:H6. Of the 57 broilers  E. coli  , 27 were APEC among which 18 were also defined as uropathogenic  E. coli  (UPEC) and the remainder as other ExPEC. Two isolates of serotype O161:H4 (ST117) were genetically related to the control APEC and a clinical isolate associated with  UTI  . A strain of serotype O159:H45 (ST101) was also found to be closely related to an UTI case isolate. The detected virulence factors included adhesins, invasions, siderophores, type III secretion systems and toxins in combination with other virulence genes. A broiler isolate of serotype O7:H18 (ST 38) carried the  ibe  A gene encoding a protein involved in invasion of brain endothelium on a 102 kbp genetic island. This isolate demonstrated a moderate level of  Caco-2  cells invasion and induced mortality (42.5 %) in a day-old chick infection model. 

scholarly journals Levofloxacin plus Metronidazole Administered Once Daily versus Moxifloxacin Monotherapy against a Mixed Infection of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Hermsen ◽  
Laurie B. Hovde ◽  
Kelly A. Sprandel ◽  
Keith A. Rodvold ◽  
John C. Rotschafer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Abdominal Infections

ABSTRACT Moxifloxacin has been suggested as an option for monotherapy of intra-abdominal infections. Recent data support the use of a once-daily metronidazole regimen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of levofloxacin (750 mg every 24 h [q24h]) plus metronidazole (1,500 mg q24h) compared with that of moxifloxacin (400 mg q24h) monotherapy in a mixed-infection model. By using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model in duplicate, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis were exposed to peak concentrations of 8.5 mg of levofloxacin/liter q24h, 32 mg of metronidazole/liter q24h, and 2 mg for moxifloxacin/liter q24h for 24 h. The activities of levofloxacin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin plus metronidazole were evaluated against E. coli, B. fragilis, and E. coli plus B. fragilis. The targeted half-lives of levofloxacin, metronidazole, and moxifloxacin were 8, 8, and 12 h, respectively. Time-kill curves were analyzed for time to 3-log killing, slope, and regrowth. Pre- and postexposure MICs were determined. The preexposure levofloxacin, metronidazole, and moxifloxacin MICs for E. coli and B. fragilis were 0.5 and 1, >64 and 0.5, and 1 and 0.25 mg/liter, respectively. Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin achieved a 3-log killing against E. coli and B. fragilis in all experiments, as did metronidazole against B. fragilis. Metronidazole did not decrease the starting inoculum of E. coli. The area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratios for E. coli and B. fragilis were 171.7 and 85.9, respectively, for levofloxacin and 26 and 103.9, respectively, for moxifloxacin. Levofloxacin plus metronidazole exhibited the fastest rates of killing. The levofloxacin and moxifloxacin MICs for B. fragilis increased 8- to 16-fold after the organism was exposed to moxifloxacin. No other changes in the postexposure MICs were found. Levofloxacin plus metronidazole administered once daily exhibited activity similar to that of moxifloxacin against the mixed E. coli and B. fragilis infection. A once-daily regimen of levofloxacin plus metronidazole looks promising for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections.

scholarly journals An infection-induced RhoB-Beclin 1-Hsp90 complex enhances clearance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhui Miao ◽  
Mingyu Yu ◽  
Geng Pei ◽  
Zhenyi Ma ◽  
Lisong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Binding Residue

AbstractHost cells use several anti-bacterial pathways to defend against pathogens. Here, using a uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection model, we demonstrate that bacterial infection upregulates RhoB, which subsequently promotes intracellular bacteria clearance by inducing LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation. RhoB binds with Beclin 1 through its residues at 118 to 140 and the Beclin 1 CCD domain, with RhoB Arg133 being the key binding residue. Binding of RhoB to Beclin 1 enhances the Hsp90-Beclin 1 interaction, preventing Beclin 1 degradation. RhoB also directly interacts with Hsp90, maintaining RhoB levels. UPEC infections increase RhoB, Beclin 1 and LC3 levels in bladder epithelium in vivo, whereas Beclin 1 and LC3 levels as well as UPEC clearance are substantially reduced in RhoB+/− and RhoB−/− mice upon infection. We conclude that when stimulated by UPEC infections, host cells promote UPEC clearance through the RhoB-Beclin 1-HSP90 complex, indicating RhoB may be a useful target when developing UPEC treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Research Note: Application of an Escherichia coli spray challenge model for neonatal broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 100988
Author(s):  
C.M. Selby ◽  
B.D. Graham ◽  
L.E. Graham ◽  
K.D. Teague ◽  
B.M. Hargis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Research Note

scholarly journals The Use of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil as an Additive to Drinking Water for Broiler Chickens and Its In Vitro Reaction with Enrofloxacin

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1535
Author(s):  
M. Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska ◽  
D. Szczerbińska ◽  
S. Zych
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Synergistic Reaction

Biological activity of lavender essential oil is a property that can potentially find an application in poultry nutrition. Nowadays, the use of bioactive compounds is encouraged in many areas of industry and agriculture, since these substances have similar properties as withdrawn antibiotic growth promoters. Additionally, antibiotic resistance bacteria are one of the most important current threats to animal health. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of lavender essential oil on the production parameters and blood parameters in broiler chickens and to assess the lavender oil’s in vitro reaction in a combination with enrofloxacin towards Escherichia coli. One-day-old non-sexed chicks (Ross 308) were divided into three experimental groups, each consisting of 100 individuals (five replicate of 20 boiler chicken each). The chickens in the control group received drinking water with no addition of lavender essential oil. In the experimental groups, lavender oil was added to the drinking water at a concentration of 0.4 mL/L, in the LEO1–42 from 1 to 42 days of age and the LEO22–42 group from the 22 to 42 days of age. The chickens’ body weight, feed consumption, water consumption, deaths and elimination due to health reasons were determined in the experiment. On day 42 of the chickens’ lives, blood samples were collected based on which selected parameters were identified. An in vitro experiment of lavender oil in combination with enrofloxacin was investigated with a checkerboard method. The results of the experiment showed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of lavender essential oil and its positive effect on the production results of broiler chickens. The study results proved that the addition of lavender oil positively impacted the chickens’ final body weight and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01). No differences were observed between the groups for water consumption, death rate and the examined biochemical and immunological blood serum indices. Lavender essential oil was demonstrated to increase the blood serum’s total antioxidant status. A synergistic reaction in vitro was observed for lavender oil combined with enrofloxacin against resistant strains of Escherichia coli. Based on our study, a health-promoting effect of adding LEO to water for broiler chickens was found. Moreover, in vitro studies indicate a significant effect of lavender essential oil on the inhibition of the resistant strains of Escherichia coli growth and synergistic reaction with enrofloxacin.

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