scholarly journals Associations of plasma sphingolipid profiles with insulin response during oral glucose testing in Icelandic horses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Hei Leung ◽  
Ákos Kenéz ◽  
Anne Julia Grob ◽  
Karsten Feige ◽  
Tobias Warnken
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Icelandic Horses

scholarly journals Metabolic impact of weight variations in Icelandic horses

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10764
Author(s):  
Julien Delarocque ◽  
Florian Frers ◽  
Korinna Huber ◽  
Klaus Jung ◽  
Karsten Feige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Dysregulation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rotation Set ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Icelandic Horses

Background Insulin dysregulation (ID) is an equine endocrine disorder, which is often accompanied by obesity and various metabolic perturbations. The relationship between weight variations and fluctuations of the insulin response to oral glucose tests (OGT) as well as the metabolic impact of ID have been described previously. The present study seeks to characterize the concomitant metabolic impact of variations in the insulin response and bodyweight during repeated OGTs using a metabolomics approach. Methods Nineteen Icelandic horses were subjected to five OGTs over one year and their bodyweight, insulin and metabolic response were monitored. Analysis of metabolite concentrations depending on time (during the OGT), relative bodyweight (rWeight; defined as the bodyweight at one OGT divided by the mean bodyweight across all OGTs) and relative insulin response (rAUCins; defined accordingly from the area under the insulin curve during OGT) was performed using linear models. Additionally, the pathways significantly associated with time, rWeight and rAUCins were identified by rotation set testing. Results The results suggested that weight gain and worsening of ID activate distinct metabolic pathways. The metabolic profile associated with weight gain indicated an increased activation of arginase, while the pathways associated with time and rAUCins were consistent with the expected effect of glucose and insulin, respectively. Overall, more metabolites were significantly associated with rWeight than with rAUCins.

scholarly journals Weight loss is linearly associated with a reduction of the insulin response to an oral glucose test in Icelandic horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Delarocque ◽  
Florian Frers ◽  
Korinna Huber ◽  
Karsten Feige ◽  
Tobias Warnken
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Oral Glucose Test ◽  
Icelandic Horses

Relationship between insulin response to oral glucose load and creatinine clearance

Diabetes ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1066-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yasuda ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
T. Furuyama ◽  
K. Yashinaga
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load

scholarly journals Metabolomics analysis reveals altered metabolites in lean compared with obese adolescents and additional metabolic shifts associated with hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in obese adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Metabolomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Müllner ◽  
Hanna E. Röhnisch ◽  
Claudia von Brömssen ◽  
Ali A. Moazzami
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Abstract Introduction Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with obesity and are forerunners of type 2 diabetes. Little is known about metabolic alterations separately associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in adolescents. Objectives To identify metabolic alterations associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and hyperinsulinaemia/IR combined with IGT in obese adolescents. Methods 81 adolescents were stratified into four groups based on body mass index (lean vs. obese), insulin responses (normal insulin (NI) vs. high insulin (HI)) and glucose responses (normal glucose tolerance (NGT) vs. IGT) after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The groups comprised: (1) healthy lean with NI and NGT, (2) obese with NI and NGT, (3) obese with HI and NGT, and (4) obese with HI and IGT. Targeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis was performed on fasting and seven post-OGTT plasma samples, followed by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results Two groups of metabolites were identified: (1) Metabolites associated with insulin response level: adolescents with HI (groups 3–4) had higher concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine, and lower concentrations of serine, glycine, myo-inositol and dimethylsulfone, than adolescents with NI (groups 1–2). (2) Metabolites associated with obesity status: obese adolescents (groups 2–4) had higher concentrations of acetylcarnitine, alanine, pyruvate and glutamate, and lower concentrations of acetate, than lean adolescents (group 1). Conclusions Obesity is associated with shifts in fat and energy metabolism. Hyperinsulinaemia/IR in obese adolescents is also associated with increased branched-chain and aromatic amino acids.

Enhanced Insulin Response to Oral Glucose Load in Patients with Angina Pectoris Associated with ST Segment Elevation in the Absence of Epicardial Coronary Arterial Obstruction

Angiology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeo Takata ◽  
Atsuhiro Shimakura ◽  
Satoru Sakagami ◽  
Yukio Nakamura ◽  
Hitoshi Ohkuwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
St Segment

Insulin and glucagon in rats with Islet cell tumors Induced by small doses of streptozofoclii

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Yoshino ◽  
Tsutomu Kazumi ◽  
Soichiro Morita ◽  
Shighaki Baba
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Islet Cell Tumors ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Plasma insulin and glucagon responses to oral glucose loading were examined in rats with islet cell tumors induced by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (30 or 40 mg/kg body weight). Twenty-four macroscopic and six microscopic tumors occurred in 21 rats. In 15 of 21 tumor-bearing rats, there was exaggerated insulin release in response to oral glucose. Plasma glucose levels did not rise with the oral glucose load and were comparable to those seen in normal animals. Hence these rats are described as having "responsive tumors." In six rats with "nonresponsive tumors" there was no insulin response and the plasma glucose levels rose. No significant differences in plasma glucagon levels were observed between the two groups. Nonresponsive tumors as well as responsive tumors contained a significant amount of extractable insulin (17.68 ± 8.60 and 35.07 ± 10.05 mg/g wet weight, respectively) and detectable amounts of immunoreactive glucagon (1.47 ± 0.61 and 2.24 ± 0.67 μg/g wet weight, respectively).These results suggest that a small dose of streptozotocin produces two types of islet cell tumors. One is insulin producing and insulin secreting whereas the other is insulin producing but not insulin secreting.

HDL Containing Apolipoprotein C-III is Associated with Insulin Sensitivity: a Multi-Center Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rain Yamamoto ◽  
Majken K Jensen ◽  
Sarah Aroner ◽  
Jeremy D Furtado ◽  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

Abstract Context HDL in humans is composed of a heterogeneous group of particles varying in protein composition as well as biological effects. Objective We investigated the prospective associations between HDL subspecies containing and lacking apoC-III at baseline and insulin sensitivity at year 3. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort study of 864 healthy volunteers drawn from the RISC study, a multi-center European clinical investigation, whose recruitment initiated in 2002 with a follow-up of 3 years. Main Measures Insulin sensitivity was estimated from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and year 3, and by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp at baseline only. The apolipoprotein concentrations were measured at baseline by a sandwich ELISA-based method. Results The two HDL subspecies demonstrated significantly opposite associations with insulin sensitivity at year 3 (p-heterogeneity=0.004). The highest quintile of HDL containing apoC-III was associated with a 1.2% reduction in insulin sensitivity (p-trend=0.02), while the highest quintile of HDL lacking apoC-III was associated with a 1.3% increase (p-trend=0.01), compared to the lowest quintile. No significant association was observed for total HDL, and VLDL and LDL containing apoC-III. ApoC-III contained in HDL was associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity even more strongly than plasma total apoC-III. Conclusion Both HDL containing apoC-III and apoC-III in HDL adversely affect the beneficial properties of HDL on insulin response to glucose. Our results support the potential of HDL-associated apoC-III as a promising target for diabetes prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: experimental evidence of its insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. E617-E623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Broca ◽  
René Gross ◽  
Pierre Petit ◽  
Yves Sauvaire ◽  
Michèle Manteghetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Single Intravenous Administration

We have recently shown in vitro that 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-OH-Ile), an amino acid extracted from fenugreek seeds, potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. The present study was designed to investigate whether 4-OH-Ile could exert in vivo insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties. For this purpose, intravenous or oral glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs and OGTTs, respectively) were performed not only in normal animals but also in a type II diabetes rat model. During IVGTT in normal rats or OGTT in normal dogs, 4-OH-Ile (18 mg/kg) improved glucose tolerance. The lactonic form of 4-OH-Ile was ineffective in normal rats. In non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) rats, a single intravenous administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg) partially restored glucose-induced insulin response without affecting glucose tolerance; a 6-day subchronic administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg, daily) reduced basal hyperglycemia, decreased basal insulinemia, and slightly, but significantly, improved glucose tolerance. In vitro, 4-OH-Ile (200 μM) potentiated glucose (16.7 mM)-induced insulin release from NIDD rat-isolated islets. So, the antidiabetic effects of 4-OH-Ile on NIDD rats result, at least in part, from a direct pancreatic B cell stimulation.

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