scholarly journals Clinical implications of using adrenocorticotropic hormone diagnostic cutoffs or reference intervals to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in mature horses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remona Horn ◽  
Allison J. Stewart ◽  
Karen V. Jackson ◽  
Elizabeth L. Dryburgh ◽  
Carlos E. Medina‐Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Clinical Implications

scholarly journals Effect of delayed plasma centrifugation on equine adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla N. Shepard ◽  
John C. Haffner ◽  
Dwana L. Neal ◽  
Steven T. Grubbs ◽  
Greg L. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean

Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration is used in the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. We enrolled 10 horses, 5 PPID-positive and 5 PPID-negative, in our study, September 20–22, 2016. On day 0, 5 mL of whole blood was collected into each of 6 EDTA tubes and immediately placed in a refrigerator at 7°C. One tube was centrifuged within 15 min of collection, followed by centrifugation of one tube from each horse at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 h following collection. At each time, centrifuged plasma was pipetted into 1.5-mL polypropylene tubes and stored at −80°C. None of the plasma samples were turbid, hemolyzed, or icteric. Plasma was shipped frozen with cold packs overnight to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center of Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) for analysis. The percent change from baseline (PCFB) was reported to standardize the data given that baseline values differed. The mean PCFB was 2.8 (95% confidence interval: –2.9%, 7.0%). Neither refrigeration of whole blood for up to 36 h prior to centrifugation nor freezing affected plasma ACTH concentrations significantly.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cortisol Increment and Basal Cortisol: Implications for the Low-Dose Short Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Stimulation Test

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail AR Doi ◽  
Ibrahim Lasheen ◽  
Khaldoon Al-Humood ◽  
Kamal AS Al-Shoumer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Prediction Limit ◽  
Gray Area ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Sterile Normal Saline ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background: We analyzed the low-dose (1 μg) rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone test (LDST) in 17 patients with a normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to determine reference intervals for the LDST on the basis of poststimulation cortisol increments. Methods: We analyzed test results for 17 patients (14 females and 3 males; age range, 18–46 years) who had received a 2-mL aliquot of low-dose (1 μg) adrenocorticotropic hormone prepared from one 250-μg vial of Synacthen diluted in 500 mL of sterile normal saline solution. Sampling took place at 0, 20, 30, and 60 min post stimulation. The cortisol increment was plotted against basal cortisol. Results: We observed a marked interdependence of the basal cortisol concentration with the increase in cortisol concentration. The relationship was inverse and linear with the best fit observed at 30 min post stimulation. The lower 95% prediction limit for basal cortisol at the zero increment was 400 nmol/L with a mean concentration of 600 nmol/L. Conclusions: We propose that a peak cortisol concentration <400 nmol/L is a sufficient single criterion for abnormal adrenal function as assessed by the LDST. Concentrations of 400–600 nmol/L are in the gray area, and those >600 nmol/L confirm normal adrenal function. Repeat analyses with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these observations.

Biological variation of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase: practical and clinical implications.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Stolarek ◽  
J E Howey ◽  
C G Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract The analytical, within-subject, and between-subject components of variation of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were estimated from duplicate assays of 10 timed first morning and 10 untimed urine specimens collected from each of 15 ostensibly healthy individuals. Results were expressed in terms of activity, NAG/creatinine ratio, and excretion rate. Current analytical methods can achieve desirable performance standards. NAG has little individuality, and conventional population-based reference intervals are therefore useful. In view of the practicability and relatively low within-subject variation, for routine clinical purposes we prefer assay of NAG in first morning urine, expressing the results in terms of activity. Using the results of assays of different specimens, we found that the correlation between urinary albumin and NAG varied considerably, owing to the large intrinsic variability of both analytes; this might explain previous conflicting results.

Effects of Pergolide Mesylate on Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Concentration in Horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
D.I. Rendle ◽  
E. Taylor ◽  
M. Duz ◽  
T.D. Parkin ◽  
V.E.N. Copas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Hormone Concentration

scholarly journals Changes Associated with the Peri-Ovulatory Period, Age and Pregnancy in ACTH, Cortisol, Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Mares

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Gemma R. Hicks ◽  
Natalie S. Fraser ◽  
François-René Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Insulin Dysregulation ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
Effect Of Age

Although there are many hormonal changes associated with reproduction, the effects of ovulation and early pregnancy on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and insulin concentrations are poorly described. We hypothesise that both ovulation and early pregnancy will alter ACTH and insulin concentrations in healthy mares. Eighteen mares showing no clinical signs suggestive of, or laboratory findings consistent with, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction PPID and insulin dysregulation (ID) are enrolled. ACTH, cortisol, insulin and glucose concentrations are measured over their peri-ovulatory period, as determined via ultrasounds and progesterone concentrations. The mares are grouped by age and gestation status, and a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA is used to determine the effects of age and early pregnancy, along with the peri-ovulatory period, on analyte concentrations. No significant effect of age, ovulation or early pregnancy is detected on the mares’ cortisol, insulin or glucose concentrations; however, there is a significant effect of early pregnancy and ovulation on ACTH concentrations (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04 respectively). ACTH concentrations change around ovulation and with early pregnancy. Therefore, knowledge of a mare’s reproductive status might be beneficial when interpreting ACTH concentrations.

scholarly journals Localization, expression and control of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the nucleus preopticus and pituitary gland of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
MO Huising ◽  
J Meek ◽  
AJ Taverne-Thiele ◽  
SE Wendelaar Bonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) takes a central role in the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis (HPI axis), which is activated during stress. ACTH is produced by the corticotrope cells of the pituitary pars distalis (PD) and is under control of factors from the nucleus preopticus (NPO). The distribution of ACTH in the hypothalamo-pituitary system in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. ACTH and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity was observed in the ACTH cells in the PD and in the NPO. Nerve fibers, originating from the NPO and projecting to the pituitary gland, contain beta-endorphin, but not ACTH, and these fibers either control the pituitary pars intermedia (PI) through beta-endorphin or release it to the blood. The release of pituitary ACTH (studied in a superfusion setup) must in vivo be under predominant inhibitory control of dopamine. Release of ACTH is stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone, but only when ACTH cells experience dopaminergic inhibition. The expression of the precursor pro-opiomelanocortin in (POMC) NPO, PD and PI was studied in an acute restraint stress paradigm by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). POMC gene expression is upregulated in these three key tissues of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex, revealing a hitherto unforeseen complex role for POMC-derived peptides in the regulation of responses to stress.

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