scholarly journals Plasma and tissue angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 activity and plasma equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin peptides in dogs with heart disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Larouche‐Lebel ◽  
Kerry A. Loughran ◽  
Mark A. Oyama ◽  
Phil F. Solter ◽  
Danielle S. Laughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Plasma Equilibrium ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides ◽  
Equilibrium Concentrations ◽  
Tissue Angiotensin

scholarly journals Dysregulation of ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)-2 and Renin-Angiotensin Peptides in SARS-CoV-2 Mediated Mortality and End-Organ Injuries

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiming Wang ◽  
Mahmoud Gheblawi ◽  
Anish Nikhanj ◽  
Matt Munan ◽  
Erika MacIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)-2 as the target for SARS-CoV-2 also negatively regulates the renin-angiotensin system. Pathological activation of ADAM17 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17) may potentiate inflammation and diminish ACE2-mediated tissue protection through proteolytic shedding, contributing to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. We aim to examine plasma soluble ACE2 and angiotensin profiles in relation to outcomes by enrolling consecutive patients admitted for COVID-19 with baseline blood collection at admission and repeated sampling at 7 days. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, and secondary outcomes were the incidence of end-organ injuries. Overall, 242 patients were included, the median age was 63 (52–74) years, 155 (64.0%) were men, and 57 (23.6%) patients reached the primary end point. Baseline soluble ACE2 was elevated in COVID-19 but was not associated with disease severity or mortality. In contrast, an upward trajectory of soluble ACE2 at repeat sampling was independently associated with an elevated risk of mortality and incidence of acute myocardial injury and circulatory shock. Similarly, an increase in soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor levels was also associated with adverse outcomes. Plasma Ang I, Ang 1-7 (angiotensin 1–7) levels, and the Ang 1-7/Ang II (angiotensin II) ratio were elevated during SARS-CoV-2 infection related to downregulation of ACE activity at baseline. Moreover, patients having an upward trajectory of soluble ACE2 were characterized by an imbalance in the Ang 1-7/Ang II ratio. The observed dysregulation of ACE2 and angiotensin peptides with disease progression suggest a potential role of ADAM17 inhibition and enhancing the beneficial Ang 1-7/Mas axis to improve outcomes against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Temporal-spatial expression of ANG-(1-7) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the kidney of normal and hypertensive pregnant rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. R169-R177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Joyner ◽  
L. A. A. Neves ◽  
J. P. Granger ◽  
B. T. Alexander ◽  
D. C. Merrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fluorescent Substrate ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides

We recently demonstrated that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overactivity during late gestation in rats is associated with increased kidney and urine levels of ANG-(1-7) and enhanced kidney immunostaining of ANG-(1-7) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). To understand the temporal-spatial changes in normal and hypertensive pregnancies, the renal distribution of ANG-(1-7) and ACE2 in association with kidney angiotensin peptides and ACE2 activity was examined in virgin, normal pregnant (NP; gestational days 5, 15, and 19) and reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP at day 19) pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. ANG-(1-7) and ACE2 immunocytochemical staining increased 1.8- and 1.9-fold and 1.7- and 1.8-fold, respectively, at days 15 and 19 of NP, compared with virgin rats. ANG-(1-7) and ANG II concentrations were increased in the kidney at 19 days of gestation. ACE2 activity measured using a fluorescent substrate was increased 1.9- and 1.9-fold in the cortex and 1.9- and 1.8-fold in the medulla at days 15 and 19 of NP. In the RUPP animals, ANG-(1-7) immunostaining and concentration were significantly decreased compared with 19-day NP rats. ACE2 activity was unchanged in the cortex and medulla of RUPP rats. In conclusion, during NP, the concurrent changes of ACE2 and ANG-(1-7) suggest that ACE2 plays an important role in regulating the renal levels of ANG-(1-7) at mid to late gestation. However, the decrease in renal ANG-(1-7) content in the absence of a concomitant decrease in ACE2 implicates the participation of other ANG-(1-7) forming or degrading enzymes during hypertensive pregnancy.

scholarly journals Depletion of Tissue Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Differentially Influences the Intrarenal and Urinary Expression of Angiotensin Peptides

Hypertension ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gregory Modrall ◽  
Javid Sadjadi ◽  
K. Bridget Brosnihan ◽  
Patricia E. Gallagher ◽  
Chun-hua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides ◽  
Tissue Angiotensin

scholarly journals Plasma ACE2 predicts outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252799
Author(s):  
Tue W. Kragstrup ◽  
Helene Søgaard Singh ◽  
Ida Grundberg ◽  
Ane Langkilde-Lauesen Nielsen ◽  
Felice Rivellese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Aims Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) enabling entrance of the virus into cells and causing the infection termed coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we investigate associations between plasma ACE2 and outcome of COVID-19. Methods and results This analysis used data from a large longitudinal study of 306 COVID-19 positive patients and 78 COVID-19 negative patients (MGH Emergency Department COVID-19 Cohort). Comprehensive clinical data were collected on this cohort, including 28-day outcomes. The samples were run on the Olink® Explore 1536 platform which includes measurement of the ACE2 protein. High admission plasma ACE2 in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased maximal illness severity within 28 days with OR = 1.8, 95%-CI: 1.4–2.3 (P < 0.0001). Plasma ACE2 was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with hypertension compared with patients without hypertension (P = 0.0045). Circulating ACE2 was also significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing heart conditions and kidney disease compared with patients without these pre-existing conditions (P = 0.0363 and P = 0.0303, respectively). Conclusion This study suggests that measuring plasma ACE2 is potentially valuable in predicting COVID-19 outcomes. Further, ACE2 could be a link between COVID-19 illness severity and its established risk factors hypertension, pre-existing heart disease and pre-existing kidney disease.

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