scholarly journals Efficacy ofBorrelia burgdorferivaccine in dogs in North America: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine A. Vogt ◽  
Jan M. Sargeant ◽  
Melissa C. MacKinnon ◽  
Ali M. Versluis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North America ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Improving the sexual health of young people (under 25) in high-risk populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioural and psychosocial interventions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie Brown ◽  
Samantha L Lo Monaco ◽  
Brian O'Donoghue ◽  
Elizabeth Hughes ◽  
Melissa Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
North America ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Out Of Home Care

Abstract Background Ensuring young people experience good sexual health is a key public health concern. Yet, some vulnerable groups of young people are at higher risk of poor sexual health, and consequently require additional support to achieve good sexual health. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify and assess the evidence base for behavioural and psychosocial interventions to improve sexual health for young people with additional vulnerabilities.Methods We searched for randomised controlled trials of interventions aimed at promoting sexual health, with any non-pharmacological comparator (e.g., waitlist control). Key outcomes of interest were indicators of sexual health (e.g., condom use, attitudes to contraception, knowledge of risk). Participants in eligible trials were under 25 years old and in a high-risk group (alcohol and other drug use; justice-involved; homeless; LGBTQI+; mental ill-health; ethnic minority, or out-of-home care). The final literature searches were performed on 16 September 2020, on MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus and clinical trial registries. Meta-analyses were conducted where possible.Results Forty-seven papers from 46 trials of the 5213 identified met inclusion criteria, with all but one of the included trials conducted in North America. Three focused predominantly on AOD, six on juvenile justice, two on homelessness, five on young men who have sex with men (YMSM), 26 on ethnic minorities, two on mental ill-health, three on out-of-home care, however no trials were identified in LGBTQI + groups outside of YMSM. The 47 included papers had a combined total of 21,543 participants. The vast majority (26/46) of trials were conducted with ethnic minority groups, with most of the interventions delivered as group therapy, and some involving parents and caregivers. Condom use was the most frequently reported outcome measure. In trials targeting ethnic minorities, the meta-analysis found a medium effect size (0.62, p = 0.0004) of the intervention on condom use.Conclusions There remains a dearth of research undertaken outside of North America, and in high-risk groups other than ethnic minorities. Future interventions should address sexual health more broadly than just the absence of negative biological outcomes with LGBTQI+, homeless and mental ill-health populations targeted for such work.This review was registered at Prospero (ref. 149810) and at osf.io/ukva9.

scholarly journals Frequency and mortality of septic shock in Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Critical Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Vincent ◽  
Gabriel Jones ◽  
Sholto David ◽  
Elena Olariu ◽  
Kevin K. Cadwell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
North America ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Diabetes Mellitus in Europe and North America: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikenna C. Eze ◽  
Lars G. Hemkens ◽  
Heiner C. Bucher ◽  
Barbara Hoffmann ◽  
Christian Schindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
North America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution

scholarly journals Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Dewan ◽  
Abbas Rattani ◽  
Saksham Gupta ◽  
Ronnie E. Baticulon ◽  
Ya-Ching Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
Traffic Collision

OBJECTIVETraumatic brain injury (TBI)—the “silent epidemic”—contributes to worldwide death and disability more than any other traumatic insult. Yet, TBI incidence and distribution across regions and socioeconomic divides remain unknown. In an effort to promote advocacy, understanding, and targeted intervention, the authors sought to quantify the case burden of TBI across World Health Organization (WHO) regions and World Bank (WB) income groups.METHODSOpen-source epidemiological data on road traffic injuries (RTIs) were used to model the incidence of TBI using literature-derived ratios. First, a systematic review on the proportion of RTIs resulting in TBI was conducted, and a meta-analysis of study-derived proportions was performed. Next, a separate systematic review identified primary source studies describing mechanisms of injury contributing to TBI, and an additional meta-analysis yielded a proportion of TBI that is secondary to the mechanism of RTI. Then, the incidence of RTI as published by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 was applied to these two ratios to generate the incidence and estimated case volume of TBI for each WHO region and WB income group.RESULTSRelevant articles and registries were identified via systematic review; study quality was higher in the high-income countries (HICs) than in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Sixty-nine million (95% CI 64–74 million) individuals worldwide are estimated to sustain a TBI each year. The proportion of TBIs resulting from road traffic collisions was greatest in Africa and Southeast Asia (both 56%) and lowest in North America (25%). The incidence of RTI was similar in Southeast Asia (1.5% of the population per year) and Europe (1.2%). The overall incidence of TBI per 100,000 people was greatest in North America (1299 cases, 95% CI 650–1947) and Europe (1012 cases, 95% CI 911–1113) and least in Africa (801 cases, 95% CI 732–871) and the Eastern Mediterranean (897 cases, 95% CI 771–1023). The LMICs experience nearly 3 times more cases of TBI proportionally than HICs.CONCLUSIONSSixty-nine million (95% CI 64–74 million) individuals are estimated to suffer TBI from all causes each year, with the Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions experiencing the greatest overall burden of disease. Head injury following road traffic collision is more common in LMICs, and the proportion of TBIs secondary to road traffic collision is likewise greatest in these countries. Meanwhile, the estimated incidence of TBI is highest in regions with higher-quality data, specifically in North America and Europe.

scholarly journals Effects of Milk and Dairy Products on the Prevention of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fractures in Europeans and Non-Hispanic Whites from North America: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. S120-S143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Matía-Martín ◽  
Macarena Torrego-Ellacuría ◽  
Angélica Larrad-Sainz ◽  
Cristina Fernández-Pérez ◽  
Federico Cuesta-Triana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North America ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

scholarly journals Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doireann O'Brien ◽  
Jean Long ◽  
Joan Quigley ◽  
Caitriona Lee ◽  
Anne McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North America ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette

Abstract Aim: This systematic review of prospective longitudinal primary studies aimed to explore whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use by adolescents who had never smoked conventional tobacco cigarettes (tobacco cigarettes) at baseline was associated with subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette smoking. Methods: This study followed the principles of a systematic review and meta-analysis. A key word search identified peer-reviewed literature published between 1 January 2005 and 2 October 2019 from seven bibliographic databases and one search engine. Using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria two authors independently screened abstracts, and subsequently, full text papers. Eligible papers were quality assessed by two authors. Data on population characteristics, exposure and outcome measures were extracted into an adapted Cochrane Data Extraction Form. Statistical analysis was preceded by a feasibility assessment, and included pairwise random effects meta-analyses, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Findings: From an initial 6,619 studies, 14 unique primary studies in 21 papers were identified. The studies’ populations ages ranged from 13 to 19 years at baseline and comprised teenagers based in Europe and North America. Nine of the 14 unique studies, with follow-up periods between 4 and 24 months, were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the association between ever use of e-cigarettes and subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette use. Based on primary study adjusted odds ratios, our meta-analysis calculated a 4.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.00-5.48) times higher odds of initiating tobacco cigarette smoking for those who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline, although the odds ratio decreased marginally (to 3.71 times odds, 95%CI: 2.83-4. 86) when only the four high-quality studies were analysed. The initial meta-analysis model had a high statistical heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis restricted to high-quality studies had moderate heterogeneity.Conclusion: The systematic review found that e-cigarette use was associated with commencement of tobacco cigarette smoking among teenagers in Europe and North America, identifying an important public health harm. Given the widespread availability and use of e-cigarettes, this study further supports urgent action by policymakers to prevent their use by teenagers to reduce direct harms in this vulnerable population group, as well as to protect gains in reducing tobacco cigarette initiation.

scholarly journals Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doireann O'Brien ◽  
Jean Long ◽  
Joan Quigley ◽  
Caitriona Lee ◽  
Anne McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North America ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Abstract Aim: This systematic review of longitudinal cohort studies aimed to explore whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use by adolescents, in Europe and North America, who had never smoked conventional tobacco cigarettes (tobacco cigarettes) at baseline was associated with subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette smoking. Methods: A key word search identified peer-reviewed literature published between 1 January 2005 and 2 October 2019 from seven bibliographic databases and one search engine. Using a predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria two authors independently screened abstracts, and subsequently, full text papers. Eligible papers were quality assessed and scored by two authors. Included papers had data on population characteristics, exposure and outcome measures extracted into an adapted Cochrane Data Extraction Form. Statistical analysis was preceded by a feasibility assessment, and included a pairwise random effects meta-analysis, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Findings: From an initial 6,619 studies (6,510 papers from the initial searches, plus 109 papers from supplemental searches), 14 unique studies in 21 papers were identified. Nine of the 14 unique longitudinal studies with follow-up periods between 4 and 24 months were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the association between ever use of e-cigarettes and subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette use. Based on primary study adjusted odds ratios, our meta-analysis calculated a 4.06 (95%confidence interval (CI): 3.00-5.48) times higher odds of initiating tobacco cigarette smoking for those who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline, although the odds ratio was reduced slightly (to 3.71 times odds, 95%CI: 2.83-4. 86) when only the four high-quality studies were included. The initial meta-analysis model had a moderate to high statistical heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis restricted to high-quality studies had a low to moderate statistical heterogeneity. Conclusion: The systematic review found that e-cigarette use was associated with initiation of tobacco cigarette smoking among adolescents in Europe and North America, identifying a potentially serious public health harm. Given the widespread availability and use of e-cigarettes, this study further supports urgent action by policymakers to prevent their use by adolescents to reduce direct harms in this vulnerable population group as well as to protect gains in reducing tobacco cigarette initiation.

scholarly journals Mortality in sepsis and septic shock in Europe, North America and Australia between 2009 and 2019— results from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Critical Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bauer ◽  
Herwig Gerlach ◽  
Tobias Vogelmann ◽  
Franziska Preissing ◽  
Julia Stiefel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
North America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock
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