scholarly journals Point of care and oral fluid hepatitis B testing in remote Indigenous communities of northern Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Sullivan ◽  
Jane Davies ◽  
Paula Binks ◽  
Roslyn Gundjirryiir Dhurrkay ◽  
George Garambaka Gurruwiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Hepatitis B Testing

Validity of a point-of-care viral load test for hepatitis B in a low-income setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 114057
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Mekonnen Woldemedihn ◽  
Corina Silvia Rueegg ◽  
Hailemichael Desalegn ◽  
Hanna Aberra ◽  
Nega Berhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Viral Load Test ◽  
Low Income Setting

scholarly journals Could a rabies incursion spread in the northern Australian dingo population? Development of a spatial stochastic simulation model

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009124
Author(s):  
Vanessa Gabriele-Rivet ◽  
Michael P. Ward ◽  
Julie Arsenault ◽  
David London ◽  
Victoria J. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Spread Model ◽  
Increased Risk

Australia, home to the iconic dingo, is currently free from canine rabies. However northern Australia, including Indigenous communities with large free-roaming domestic dog populations, is at increased risk of rabies incursion from nearby Indonesia. We developed a novel agent-based stochastic spatial rabies spread model to evaluate the potential spread of rabies within the dingo population of the Northern Peninsula Area (NPA) region of northern Australia. The model incorporated spatio-temporal features specific to this host-environment system, including landscape heterogeneity, demographic fluctuations, dispersal movements and dingo ecological parameters—such as home range size and density—derived from NPA field studies. Rabies spread between dingo packs in nearly 60% of simulations. In such situations rabies would affect a median of 22 dingoes (approximately 14% of the population; 2.5–97.5 percentiles: 2–101 dingoes) within the study area which covered 1,131 km2, and spread 0.52 km/week for 191 days. Larger outbreaks occurred in scenarios in which an incursion was introduced during the dry season (vs. wet season), and close to communities (vs. areas with high risk of interaction between dingoes and hunting community dogs). Sensitivity analyses revealed that home range size and duration of infectious clinical period contributed most to the variance of outputs. Although conditions in the NPA would most likely not support a sustained propagation of the disease in the dingo population, due to the predicted number of infected dingoes following a rabies incursion and the proximity of Indigenous communities to dingo habitat, we conclude that the risk for human transmission could be substantial.

scholarly journals Utility of oral fluid samples to determine hepatitis B virus genotypes, mutations and phylogenetic analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Villar ◽  
Barbara Lago ◽  
Cristianne Bezerra ◽  
Ana Mendonça ◽  
Leticia Nabuco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Genotypes

Point of Care Diagnostic Testing for Hepatitis B Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Kathy Jackson ◽  
Robert G. Gish
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
B Virus

The potential impact of new generation molecular point-of-care tests on gonorrhoea and chlamydia in a setting of high endemic prevalence

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben B. Hui ◽  
David P. Wilson ◽  
James S. Ward ◽  
Rebecca J. Guy ◽  
John M. Kaldor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Screening Coverage ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

Background Despite the availability of testing and treatment, bacterial sexually transmissible infections (STIs) continue to occur at endemic levels in many remote Indigenous communities in Australia. New generation molecular point-of-care (POC) tests have high sensitivity, comparable with conventional diagnostic tests, and have the potential to increase the impact of STI screening. Methods: We developed mathematical models of gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) transmission in remote Indigenous communities in Australia to evaluate screening and treatment strategies that utilise POC tests. Results: The introduction of POC testing with 95% sensitivity could reduce the prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia from 7.1% and 11.9% to 5.7% and 8.9%, respectively, under baseline screening coverage of 44% per year. If screening coverage is increased to 60% per year, prevalence is predicted to be reduced to 3.6% and 6.7%, respectively, under conventional testing, and further reduced to 1.8% and 3.1% with the introduction of POC testing. Increasing screening coverage to 80% per year will result in a reduction in the prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia to 0.6% and 1.5%, respectively, and the virtual elimination of both STIs if POC testing is introduced. Conclusions: Modelling suggests that molecular POC tests of high sensitivity have great promise as a public health strategy for controlling chlamydia and gonorrhoea. However, evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of POC testing needs to be made before widespread implementation of this technology can be considered.

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