Prevention of materno-foetal transmission of hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa: the evidence, current practice and future challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Howell ◽  
M. Lemoine ◽  
M. Thursz
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Sub Saharan

Untreated highly viraemic pregnant women from Asia or sub-Saharan Africa often transmit hepatitis B virus despite serovaccination to newborns

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Sellier ◽  
Sarah Maylin ◽  
Rishma Amarsy ◽  
Marie-Christine Mazeron ◽  
Lucile Larrouy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Treatment of chronic hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa: 1-year results of a pilot program in Ethiopia

BMC Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailemichael Desalegn ◽  
Hanna Aberra ◽  
Nega Berhe ◽  
Bitsatab Mekasha ◽  
Kathrine Stene-Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Sub Saharan

Towards an Interactive E-Government System in Sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Charles Conteh ◽  
Greg Smith
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Content Management ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Electronic Service ◽  
Enterprise Content Management ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Sub Saharan

Governments worldwide, including those in Africa, are embracing the promises and prospects of electronic service delivery (or e-government). In particular, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are moving towards adopting system-wide Integrated Communication Technology (ICT) and Enterprise Content Management (ECM) systems to support Electronic Government (EG) services. There are reasons to believe that Africa stands at the threshold of a new experience in this century, but there are also considerable challenges ahead. This chapter examines some of the prospects and challenges of the continent's adoption of Electronic Government. The discussion focuses on the rationale and characteristics of e-government in Africa, as well as its strengths and weaknesses, with particular reference to two countries in the region – Ghana and Kenya. The chapter concludes with a synopsis of some of the key issues as well as salient lessons to highlight the broader future challenges and prospects of e-government in Africa.

scholarly journals Towards Inclusive, Quality ICT-Based Learning for Rural Transformation

2017 ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayagum Chinapah ◽  
Jared O. Odero
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
The North ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Information and communication technology (ICT) has emerged as a tool that can enhance flexible learning pathways. ICT has the potential to increase equitable access to quality learning, which is essential for skills development. Skills are required in technology-related nonfarm activities so as to improve livelihoods and achieve sustainable rural transformation. However, slow pace of the developing countries to utilize the benefits of the ongoing technological revolution in the North has resulted in the ‘digital divide’. Besides, it is still problematic to implement ICT programmes for educational development. The current and future challenges of providing ICT-based learning desperately call for the reengineering of education to move out of the formal structure of teaching and learning, towards building a more practical and realistic approach. By means of a literature review, this paper examines and discusses why it is important to provide inclusive, quality ICT-based learning, particularly in the rural areas of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It recommends that diverse ICT-based solutions be adopted to promote skills development and training within non-formal and informal settings. More comparative studies are also required to understand the impact of ICT-based learning in rural areas. 

Hepatitis B virus activity in untreated hepatitis B e antigen–negative human immunodeficiency virus–hepatitis B virus co-infected patients from sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 437-445
Author(s):  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Menan Gerard Kouamé ◽  
Laura Houghtaling ◽  
Raoul Moh ◽  
Delphine Gabillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hepatitis B E Antigen ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected patients from sub-Saharan Africa with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative status, data are limited on the evolution of HBV activity when antiretroviral treatment (ART) is absent. Methods A total of 43 HBeAg-negative co-infected patients not indicated for ART (per concomitant World Health Organization recommendations) were followed during participation in a randomized controlled trial in Côte d’Ivoire. Chronic HBeAg-negative phases were classified at yearly visits and defined as ‘infection’ (HBV DNA ≤10 000 copies/mL and normal alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) or ‘hepatitis’ (HBV DNA >10 000 copies/mL and/or above normal ALT). Dispersion in HBV DNA and ALT levels during follow-up was assessed using interquartile range (IQR) regression. Results During a median 25 months (IQR 19–31), 17 (40%) patients consistently had ‘infection’, 5 (12%) consistently had ‘hepatitis’ and 21 (48%) fluctuated between phases. Wider dispersion in HBV DNA over time was associated with higher baseline HIV RNA (p=0.02) and higher baseline HBV DNA levels (p=0.008), while wider dispersion in ALT was associated with higher baseline HIV RNA (p<0.001), higher baseline ALT levels (p=0.02) and baseline hepatitis surface antigen >4.0 log10 IU/mL (p=0.02). Conclusions HBV activity is common with HBeAg-negative status, whose variation is partly linked to HIV replication. Fluctuations in disease phase make it difficult to assess the risk of morbidity and mortality after ART initiation.

Non-invasive fibrosis markers for chronic hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1738-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
Bei Jia ◽  
Guiyang Wang ◽  
Chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sub Saharan

The risk of hepatitis B virus infection by transfusion in Kumasi, Ghana

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 2419-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Allain ◽  
Daniel Candotti ◽  
Kate Soldan ◽  
Francis Sarkodie ◽  
Bruce Phelps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hbv Transmission

The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission by transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be relatively low, and testing of blood donors is often not done or is done relatively poorly. To re-examine this attitude, we identified HBV chronically infected blood donors from a major hospital in Ghana with a range of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) assays. Test efficacy was estimated using HBV DNA as a gold standard, and the risk of HBV infection in blood recipients was estimated for different testing strategies. Particle agglutination, dipstick, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) HBsAg screening detected 54%, 71%, and 97% of HBV infectious donors, respectively. The risk of HBV transmission to recipients less than 10 years old ranged between 1:11 and 1:326 with blood unscreened and screened by EIA, respectively. For older recipients, the risk decreased a further 4-fold because of the high frequency of natural exposure to HBV. A total of 98% of HBsAg-confirmed positive samples contained HBV DNA. HBV DNA load was less than 1 × 104 IU/mL in 75% of HBsAg-reactive samples, most of them anti-HBe reactive. Approximately 0.5% of HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples contained HBV DNA. The use of sensitive HBsAg tests is critical to prevent transfusion transmission of HBV infection to young children in a population with a 15% prevalence of chronic HBV infection in blood donors. However, this will not have much effect on the prevalence of this infection unless other strategies to protect children from infection are also advanced in parallel.

scholarly journals Trends in hepatitis B virus testing practices and management in HIV clinics across sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Coffie ◽  
◽  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Michael J. Vinikoor ◽  
Marcel Zannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Virus Testing
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