scholarly journals Are Pharmacists Ready for a Greater Role in Travel Health? An Evaluation of the Knowledge and Confidence in Providing Travel Health Advice of Pharmacists Practicing in a Community Pharmacy Chain in Alberta, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina S. Bascom ◽  
Meagen M. Rosenthal ◽  
Sherilyn K.D. Houle
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Travel Health ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Pharmacy Chain

Geographical Pattern of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention for Travellers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Hsu ◽  
Zahir Osman Eltahir Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Travel Health ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Visiting Friends And Relatives ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Key Aspects

Infectious diseases are transmitted either directly from person to person via direct contact or droplet exposure, or indirectly through a vector organism (mosquito or tick) or a non-biological physical vehicle (soil or water). Vector-borne infectious diseases are highly influenced by climate factors such as temperature, precipitation, altitude, sunshine duration, and wind. Therefore, climate change is a major threat for the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases, e.g. re-emergence of dengue fever in some parts of southern Europe. The natural reservoirs of infectious diseases are either humans (anthroponoses) or animals (zoonoses). Population movement due to travel or civil unrest risks introducing non-immune populations to regions that are endemic for certain infectious diseases. By contrast, global trade contributes to the movement of animals or arthropods across the world and this poses a major risk for introducing infectious diseases to previously non-endemic settings, e.g. rats on board commercial ships and the global spread of hantaviruses; international trade in used car tyres and the risk of introducing flavivirus-infected mosquitoes into non-endemic settings; and the contribution of migratory birds to the introduction and the spread of West Nile virus in the United States. The unprecedented growth of international travel facilitates the swift movement of pathogens by travellers from one region to another. The main determinants of travel-related infections are destination country, activities undertaken during travel, and pre-existing morbidities. Therefore, the pre-travel consultation aims to assess potential health hazards associated with the trip, give advice on appropriate preventative measures, and educate the traveller about their own health. Attitudes towards seeking pre-travel health advice vary by the type of traveller. For example, those visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) in their country of origin are less likely to seek pre-travel health advice compared to tourists and therefore stand a higher chance of presenting with preventable infections such as malaria. The key aspects of a pre-travel consultation include: ● comprehensive risk assessment based on the demographic and clinical background of the traveller as well as the region of travel and itinerary.

scholarly journals 4012 Positive Deviants for Medication Therapy Management: A Mixed-Methods Comparative Case Study of Community Pharmacy Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Omolola A Adeoye-Olatunde ◽  
Leslie M. Lake ◽  
Karen S. Hudmon ◽  
Alan J. Zillich ◽  
Margie E. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Medication Therapy Management ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Part D ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Pharmacy Chain

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To optimize medication use in older adults, Medication Therapy Management (MTM) was launched as part of Medicare Prescription Drug (Part D) policy. The objective of this study was to generate hypotheses for strategies that contribute to community pharmacies’ ability to achieve high performance on policy relevant MTM quality measures. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This mixed-methods comparative case study design incorporated two conceptual models; the Positive Deviance model and Chronic Care Model. The study population consisted of pharmacy staff employed by a Midwestern division of a national supermarket-community pharmacy chain. Data consisted of semi-structured interviews and demographics. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed abductively or using descriptive statistics, respectively. Case comparisons were synthesized using the Framework Method. MTM quality measures used to evaluate participant pharmacies’ MTM performance mirrored quality measures under Domain 4 (Drug Safety and Accuracy of Drug Pricing) of the 2017 Medicare Part D Plan’ Star Rating measures. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Staff at 13 of the 18 selected pharmacies (72.2%) participated in interviews. Interviewees included 11 pharmacists, 11 technicians and three student interns. Strategies hypothesized as contributing to MTM performance included: 1. Strong pharmacist-provider relationships and trust, 2. Inability to meet patients’ cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic needs (negatively contributing), 3. Technician involvement in MTM, 4. Providing comprehensive medication reviews in person vs. phone alone, 5. Placing high priority on MTM, 6. Using maximum number of clinical information systems (CISs) to identify eligible patients. 7. Technicians using CISs to collect information for pharmacists, 8. Faxing prescribers adherence medication therapy problems (MTPs) and calling on indication MTPs. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our study resulted in eight strategies hypothesized to contribute to community pharmacy performance on MTM quality measures. To inform MTM policy recommendations, future research should engage stakeholders to assist with prioritizing hypotheses to be tested in a larger representative sample of pharmacies. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: This research was supported, in part, with support from the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute funded, in part by grant number TL1TR001107 from the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Clinical and Translational Sciences Award. Dr. Adeoye-Olatunde is a part-time employee and Dr. Lake is a full-time employee at the Midwestern division, national supermarket-community pharmacy chain, where study procedures were conducted. Dr. Snyder reports personal fees from Westat, Inc., outside the submitted work.

scholarly journals Travel-Related Typhoid Fever: Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narcisa Muresu ◽  
Giovanni Sotgiu ◽  
Bianca Maria Are ◽  
Andrea Cossu ◽  
Clementina Cocuzza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Travel Health ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Enteric fever is a foodborne infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. The high incidence in low income countries can increase the risk of disease in travelers coming from high income countries. Pre-travel health advice on hygiene and sanitation practices and vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of acquiring infections. Although the majority of the cases are self-limiting, life-threatening complications can occur. Delayed diagnosis and cases of infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains can complicate the clinical management and affect the prognosis. More international efforts are needed to reduce the burden of disease in low income countries, indirectly reducing the risk of travelers in endemic settings. Surveillance activities can help monitor the epidemiology of cases caused by drug-susceptible and resistant strains.

scholarly journals Travel Counsellors and Travel Health Advice

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline D. McAllister ◽  
Margaret L. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Travel Health ◽  
Health Advice

Factors Affecting Pre-Travel Health Seeking Behaviour and Adherence to Pre-Travel Health Advice: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Kain ◽  
Aidan Findlater ◽  
David Lightfoot ◽  
Timea Maxim ◽  
Moritz U G Kraemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Travel Health ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Full Text Review

Abstract Background Recent years have seen unprecedented growth in international travel. Travellers are at high risk for acquiring infections while abroad and potentially bringing these infections back to their home country. There are many ways to mitigate this risk by seeking pre-travel advice (PTA), including receiving recommended vaccinations and chemoprophylaxis, however many travellers do not seek or adhere to PTA. We conducted a systematic review to further understand PTA-seeking behaviour with an ultimate aim to implement interventions that improve adherence to PTA and reduce morbidity and mortality in travellers. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published medical literature selecting studies that examined reasons for not seeking PTA and non-adherence to PTA over the last ten years. 4484 articles were screened of which 56 studies met our search criteria after full text review. Results The major reason for not seeking or non-adherence to PTA was perceived low risk of infection while travelling. Side effects played a significant role for lack of adherence specific to malaria prophylaxis. Conclusions These data may help clinicians and public health providers to better understand reasons for non-adherence to PTA and target interventions to improve travellers understanding of potential and modifiable risks. Additionally, we discuss specific recommendations to increase public health education that may enable travellers to seek PTA.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic offers a key moment to reflect on travel medicine practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Hatz ◽  
Silja Bühler ◽  
Andrea Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Travel Health ◽  
Health Advice

COVID-19 provides an opportunity to review travel health advice priorities. Infectious and non-infectious diseases are key for travel medicine, Research is warranted to stimulate an evidence-based balance in what travel medicine experts communicate to their clients

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