scholarly journals Human Rabies Prevention (Comment From a Canine‐Rabies‐Endemic Region)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Wilde ◽  
Supaporn Wacharapluesadee ◽  
Abhinbhen Saraya ◽  
Boonlert Lumlertdacha ◽  
Thiravat Hemachudha
Keyword(s):  
Human Rabies ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Rabies Prevention

scholarly journals History of Rabies Incidence and Rabies Control in Serbia in Support of the Zero by 2030 Campaign to Eliminate Dog-Mediated Human Rabies

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Srđan Stankov ◽  
Dušan Lalošević ◽  
Anthony R. Fooks
Keyword(s):  
Health Department ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Prevention ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

Urban (principally canine-mediated) rabies has been a public health risk for people living in Serbia for centuries. The first legal act in urban rabies prevention in Serbia was established in 1834 by introducing high taxes for pet dog owners. Five years later in 1839, the first set of literature describing rabies prevention was issued by the health department from The Serbian Ministry of Interior. An overview of cauterization of rabies wounds was presented as the principal method of rabies post exposure prophylaxis. In 1890, a human rabies vaccination was introduced in Serbia with the royal government directive which ordered patients to be treated at the Pasteur Institute in Budapest in receipt of rabies vaccination. Urban (canine) rabies was eliminated during the 1980s, but sylvatic (principally fox-mediated) rabies still prevailed. The last human rabies case was recorded in the Province of Kosovo and Metohija in 1980. Sylvatic rabies in Serbia is in the final stages of elimination by orally vaccinating foxes (Vulpes vulpes). The only published finding of a lyssavirus among Serbian bats was made in 1954 by Dr Milan Nikolić in the vicinity of Novi Sad. In 2006, a comprehensive two-year active surveillance program of lyssaviruses in bats in Serbia was undertaken. In this single study, all of the bats from Serbia tested negative for a lyssavirus.

scholarly journals Renewed Global Partnerships and Redesigned Roadmaps for Rabies Prevention and Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Lembo ◽  
Michaël Attlan ◽  
Hervé Bourhy ◽  
Sarah Cleaveland ◽  
Peter Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Canine rabies, responsible for most human rabies deaths, is a serious global public health concern. This zoonosis is entirely preventable, but by focusing solely upon rabies prevention in humans, this “incurable wound” persists at high costs. Although preventing human deaths through canine rabies elimination is feasible, dog rabies control is often neglected, because dogs are not considered typical economic commodities by the animal health sector. Here, we demonstrate that the responsibility of managing rabies falls upon multiple sectors, that a truly integrated approach is the key to rabies elimination, and that considerable progress has been made to this effect. Achievements include the construction of global rabies networks and organizational partnerships; development of road maps, operational toolkits, and a blueprint for rabies prevention and control; and opportunities for scaling up and replication of successful programs. Progress must continue towards overcoming the remaining challenges preventing the ultimate goal of rabies elimination.

Practical aspects of human rabies prevention

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 135-48
Author(s):  
Wagner A. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Human Rabies ◽  
Rabies Prevention

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to assess the knowledge and response to dog bite among the urban and rural population of Hubballi taluk

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Maneesha Godbole ◽  
Anjana Ramachandra Joshi ◽  
Dattatraya D. Bant
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Background: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of the central nervous system, most commonly caused by the bite of rabid dogs. Globally canine rabies causes 59,000 human deaths, over 3.7 million DALYs and 8.6 billion USD economic losses annually. These losses are due to a lack of knowledge about wound management and post-exposure prophylaxis. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices following dog bite and its management among the urban and rural population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of KIMS, Hubli. 120 households of the urban and rural locality were interviewed with a semi-structured pretested questionnaire.Results: Overall 89.16% of the study population was aware that the disease can be prevented by vaccination. 35% of the rural and 28% of the urban population believed that the disease can spread from person to person. The knowledge about the site and the number of doses of vaccine was poor among both the population. The harmful practices for treatment of bite were still prevalent among both rural (25%) and urban (8.3%) population.Conclusions: The knowledge about the dog bite management and Rabies prevention is insufficient among both populations. There are myths and misconceptions about the disease and wound management. Practices like application of harmful substances like lime, turmeric, mud are the problems hindering rabies prevention and control. Proper steps need to be taken up to control the canine rabies.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies risk in community members and healthcare professionals: Pétionville, Haiti, 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1624-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. FENELON ◽  
P. DELY ◽  
M. A. KATZ ◽  
N. D. SCHAAD ◽  
A. DISMER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Rabies Prevention ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

SUMMARYHaiti has the highest human rabies burden in the Western Hemisphere. There is no published literature describing the public's perceptions of rabies in Haiti, information that is critical to developing effective interventions and government policies. We conducted a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey of 550 community members and 116 health professionals in Pétionville, Haiti in 2013 to understand the perception of rabies in these populations. The majority of respondents (85%) knew that dogs were the primary reservoir for rabies, yet only 1% were aware that bats and mongooses could transmit rabies. Animal bites were recognized as a mechanism of rabies transmission by 77% of the population and 76% were aware that the disease could be prevented by vaccination. Of 172 persons reporting a bite, only 37% sought medical treatment. The annual bite incidence rate in respondents was 0·9%. Only 31% of bite victims reported that they started the rabies vaccination series. Only 38% of respondents reported that their dog had been vaccinated against rabies. The majority of medical professionals recognized that dogs were the main reservoir for rabies (98%), but only 28% reported bats and 14% reported mongooses as posing a risk for rabies infection. Bites were reported as a mechanism of rabies transmission by 73% of respondents; exposure to saliva was reported by 20%. Thirty-four percent of medical professionals reported they would wash a bite wound with soap and water and 2·8% specifically mentioned rabies vaccination as a component of post-bite treatment. The majority of healthcare professionals recommended some form of rabies assessment for biting animals; 68·9% recommended a 14-day observation period, 60·4% recommended a veterinary consultation, and 13·2% recommended checking the vaccination status of the animal. Fewer than 15% of healthcare professionals had ever received training on rabies prevention and 77% did not know where to go to procure rabies vaccine for bite victims. Both study populations had a high level of knowledge about the primary reservoir for rabies and the mode of transmission. However, there is a need to improve the level of knowledge regarding the importance of seeking medical care for dog bites and additional training on rabies prevention for healthcare professionals. Distribution channels for rabies vaccines should be evaluated, as the majority of healthcare providers did not know where rabies vaccines could be obtained. Canine rabies vaccination is the primary intervention for rabies control programmes, yet most owned dogs in this population were not vaccinated.

scholarly journals Surveillance of animal rabies in Burkina Faso: A retrospective laboratory data from 2008 to 2012

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MINOUNGO Germaine ◽  
Laibané Dieudonné DAHOUROU ◽  
SAVADOGO Madi ◽  
TIALLA Dieudonné ◽  
Alima Hadjia Banyala COMBARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Canine Rabies

Abstract Objectives: Rabies causes more than 59 000 deaths each year worldwide with 95% of cases in Africa and Asia. It is endemic in most of African countries and 99% of human rabies cases are dogs mediated rabies. This study aimed to review data on animal rabies surveillance in Burkina Faso from 2008 to 2012. Results: From 2008 to 2012, 1579 animal samples were analyzed for rabies confirmation with an average of 315 samples by year. Canine rabies was most suspected with 88.6% of samples. On overall, 79% of samples were positive and the highest positive percentage was on 2012 (90%). Rabies was confirmed from dogs, cats, monkeys, shrews, rodents, horses, donkeys, and sheep but canine rabies was the most prevalent (87.8%). Regarding dogs rabies, positive samples were found among vaccinated dogs and during year 2012, 91.4 % of samples received from vaccinated dogs were positive.

scholarly journals How geographic access to care shapes disease burden: the current impact of post-exposure prophylaxis and potential for expanded access to prevent human rabies deaths in Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malavika Rajeev ◽  
Hélène Guis ◽  
Glenn Edosoa ◽  
Chantal Hanitriniaina ◽  
Anjasoa Randrianarijaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Geographic Access ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

AbstractBackgroundPost-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is highly effective at preventing human rabies deaths, however access to PEP is limited in many rabies endemic countries. The 2018 decision by Gavi to add human rabies vaccine to its investment portfolio should expand PEP availability and reduce rabies deaths. We explore how geographic access to PEP impacts the rabies burden in Madagascar and the potential benefits of improved provisioning.Methodology & Principal FindingsWe use travel times to the closest clinic providing PEP (N=31) as a proxy for access. We find that travel times strongly predict reported bite incidence across the country. Using resulting estimates in an adapted decision tree framework we extrapolate rabies deaths and reporting and find that geographic access to PEP shapes burden sub-nationally. We estimate 960 human rabies deaths annually (95% Prediction Intervals (PI):790 - 1120), with PEP averting an additional 800 deaths (95% PI: 800 (95% PI: 640 - 970) each year. Under these assumptions, we find that expanding PEP to one clinic per district could reduce deaths by 19%, but even with all major health centers provisioning PEP (1733 additional clinics), we still expect substantial rabies mortality. Our quantitative estimates are most sensitive to assumptions of underlying rabies exposure incidence, but qualitative patterns of the impacts of travel times and expanded PEP access are robust.Conclusions & SignificancePEP is effective at preventing rabies deaths, and in the absence of strong surveillance, targeting underserved populations may be the most equitable way to provision PEP. Our framework could be used to guide PEP expansion and improve targeting of interventions in similar endemic settings where PEP access is geographically restricted. While better PEP access should save many lives, improved outreach and surveillance is needed and if rolled out with Gavi investment could catalyze progress towards achieving zero rabies deaths.Author SummaryCanine rabies causes an estimated 60,000 deaths each year across the world, primarily in low- and middle-income countries where people have limited access to both human vaccines (post-exposure prophylaxis or PEP) and dog rabies vaccines. Given that we have the tools to prevent rabies deaths, a global target has been set to eliminate deaths due to canine rabies by 2030, and recently, Gavi, a multilateral organization that aims to improve access to vaccines in the poorest countries, added human rabies vaccine to it’s portfolio. In this study, we estimated reported bite incidence in relation to travel times to clinics provisioning PEP, and extrapolate human rabies deaths in Madagascar. We find that PEP currently averts around 800 deaths each year, but that the burden remains high (1000 deaths/ year), particularly in remote, hard-to-reach areas. We show that expanding PEP availability to more clinics could significantly reduce rabies deaths in Madagascar, but our results suggest that expansion alone will not eliminate deaths. Combining PEP expansion with outreach, surveillance, and mass dog vaccination programs will be necessary to move Madagascar, and other Low- and Middle-Income countries, forward on the path to rabies elimination.

scholarly journals Demographic study of dogs in rural and urban areas in Umuahia; a step towards eradication of rabies

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas

Dog-mediated human rabies remains a major public health threat in Nigeria. The availability of reliable dog population estimates is the key in planning control strategies for canine rabies in developing countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the demography of dogs in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was carried out in Umuahia North and Umuahia south, Local Government areas (LGA) Abia state, Nigeria, between September and November 2019. A total of 132 compounds in Umuahia North and 186 compounds in Umuahia South were randomly selected for administration of questionnaires. A total of 159 questionnaires were distributed for compound dog count. Information obtained included household information such as numbers of dogs in the premises, housing and control of dog movement. Others were history of dog bites and individual dog information such as breed, sex, age, source of dog, source of food and vaccination status. Two hundred and fifty-seven (257) dogs were counted which comprised 126 (49%) males and 131 (51%) females. Also, 46.3% of the dogs were confined. The dog vaccination coverage in the dog population surveyed was 47.9%. Majority of the respondents (83.3%) stated that no member of their family has been bitten by a dog. The findings of this study show female: male ratio of dog to be 1.04:1. There was negligent dog ownership as a good number of dogs were left to roam. There was a low anti-rabies vaccination coverage in Umuahia North and Umuahia South LGAs which falls below recommendation of 70-80% vaccination coverage by the World Health Organization to achieve herd immunity. Keywords: Demography, dog, Nigeria, rabies, Umuahia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document