scholarly journals Sleep-dependent consolidation of face recognition and its relationship to REM sleep duration, REM density and Stage 2 sleep spindles

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Solomonova ◽  
Philippe Stenstrom ◽  
Emilie Schon ◽  
Alexandra Duquette ◽  
Simon Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Rem Density ◽  
Stage 2 Sleep

scholarly journals Alterations in sleep architecture in response to experimental sleep curtailment are associated with signs of positive energy balance

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (9) ◽  
pp. R883-R889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Shechter ◽  
Majella O'Keeffe ◽  
Amy L. Roberts ◽  
Gary K. Zammit ◽  
Arindam RoyChoudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Stage 2 Sleep ◽  
Positive Energy Balance

Sleep reduction is associated with increased energy intake and weight gain, though few studies have explored the relationship between sleep architecture and energy balance measures in the context of experimental sleep restriction. Fourteen males and 13 females (body mass index: 22–26 kg/m2) participated in a crossover sleep curtailment study. Participants were studied under two sleep conditions: short (4 h/night; 0100–0500 h) and habitual (9 h/night; 2200–0700 h), for 5 nights each. Sleep was polysomnographically recorded nightly. Outcome measures included resting metabolic rate (RMR), feelings of appetite-satiety, and ad libitum food intake. Short sleep resulted in reductions in stage 2 sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration ( P < 0.001), as well as decreased percentage of stage 2 sleep and REM sleep and increased slow wave sleep (SWS) percentage ( P < 0.05). Linear mixed model analysis demonstrated a positive association between stage 2 sleep duration and RMR ( P = 0.051). Inverse associations were observed between REM sleep duration and hunger ( P = 0.031) and between stage 2 sleep duration and appetite for sweet ( P = 0.015) and salty ( P = 0.046) foods. Stage 2 sleep percentage was inversely related to energy consumed ( P = 0.024). Stage 2 sleep ( P = 0.005), SWS ( P = 0.008), and REM sleep ( P = 0.048) percentages were inversely related to fat intake, and SWS ( P = 0.040) and REM sleep ( P = 0.050) were inversely related to carbohydrate intake. This study demonstrates that changes in sleep architecture are associated with markers of positive energy balance and indicate a means by which exposure to short sleep duration and/or an altered sleep architecture profile may lead to excess weight gain over time.

scholarly journals Shining a Light on the Mechanisms of Sleep for Memory Consolidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Frazer ◽  
Yesenia Cabrera ◽  
Rockelle S. Guthrie ◽  
Gina R. Poe
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Learning Tasks

Abstract Purpose of review This paper reviews all optogenetic studies that directly test various sleep states, traits, and circuit-level activity profiles for the consolidation of different learning tasks. Recent findings Inhibiting or exciting neurons involved either in the production of sleep states or in the encoding and consolidation of memories reveals sleep states and traits that are essential for memory. REM sleep, NREM sleep, and the N2 transition to REM (characterized by sleep spindles) are integral to memory consolidation. Neural activity during sharp-wave ripples, slow oscillations, theta waves, and spindles are the mediators of this process. Summary These studies lend strong support to the hypothesis that sleep is essential to the consolidation of memories from the hippocampus and the consolidation of motor learning which does not necessarily involve the hippocampus. Future research can further probe the types of memory dependent on sleep-related traits and on the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators required.

Pharmacologically Increasing Sleep Spindles Enhances Recognition for Negative and High-arousal Memories

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Kaestner ◽  
John T. Wixted ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Sleep affects declarative memory for emotional stimuli differently than it affects declarative memory for nonemotional stimuli. However, the interaction between specific sleep characteristics and emotional memory is not well understood. Recent studies on how sleep affects emotional memory have focused on rapid eye movement sleep (REM) but have not addressed non-REM sleep, particularly sleep spindles. This is despite the fact that sleep spindles are implicated in declarative memory as well as neural models of memory consolidation (e.g., hippocampal neural replay). Additionally, many studies examine a limited range of emotional stimuli and fail to disentangle differences in memory performance because of variance in valence and arousal. Here, we experimentally increase non-REM sleep features, sleep spindle density, and SWS, with pharmacological interventions using zolpidem (Ambien) and sodium oxybate (Xyrem) during daytime naps. We use a full spread of emotional stimuli to test all levels of valence and arousal. We find that increasing sleep spindle density increases memory discrimination (da) for highly arousing and negative stimuli without altering measures of bias (ca). These results indicate a broader role for sleep in the processing of emotional stimuli with differing effects based on arousal and valence, and they raise the possibility that sleep spindles causally facilitate emotional memory consolidation. These findings are discussed in terms of the known use of hypnotics in individuals with emotional mood disorders.

Sleep Spindles in the EEGs of Hyperactive Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Kiesow ◽  
Walter W. Surwillo
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Stage 2 Sleep ◽  
Hyperactive Children ◽  
And Control ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 11 boys, aged 3 to 11 yr., who had been diagnosed as Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity were compared with 11 controls matched for age and sex. The purpose was to determine whether there was any difference between the groups in the number of sleep spindles present during Stage 2 sleep. The EEGs of the subjects studied were typical of those performed in most clinical laboratories, with approximately 8 min. of daytime Stage 2 sleep recorded for each child. Most of the subjects in both groups were given Chloral Hydrate to induce sleep. The number of sleep spindles/sec. in Stage 2 sleep and the time spent in Stage 2 sleep were estimated for each subject, and means were obtained for both groups. Findings showed no statistically significant differences between hyperactive and control groups. The results cast doubt on the significance of sleep spindle activity in assessing hyperactivity or in resolving current theoretical issues relating to hyperactivity.

scholarly journals Dreaming and Insomnia: Link between Physiological REM Parameters and Mentation Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Fee Benz ◽  
Dieter Riemann ◽  
Bernd Feige
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Rem Density ◽  
Power Prior ◽  
High Level ◽  
Objectively Measured

(1) Background: An unresolved phenomenon of insomnia disorder is a discrepancy between objectively measured sleep and subjective complaints. It has been shown that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep might be especially vulnerable to an altered perception. The present work aimed to investigate the link between physiological REM parameters and mentation characteristics in REM sleep. (2) Methods: 22 patients with insomnia and 23 good sleepers indicating at least one REM mentation within an awakening study were included. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were calculated to examine group differences and effects of mentation characteristics on number of arousals, REM density, and spectral power prior to awakenings. (3) Results: Increased perceived wakefulness was related to lower delta, theta, and alpha power in the minute prior to the REM awakenings. Nevertheless, no group differences regarding spectral power were found. With respect to number of arousals and REM density, no significant effects of mentation characteristics and no group differences were found. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that spectral power in REM sleep is linked with altered sleep perception. Reduced delta, theta, and alpha power might be a signature of this modified REM sleep associated with a high level of perceived wakefulness. Future awakening studies are necessary to further explore the link between physiological REM parameters and sleep perception.

scholarly journals Nonrapid eye movement sleep electroencephalographic oscillations in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a study of sleep spindles and slow oscillations

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Sang Sunwoo ◽  
Kwang Su Cha ◽  
Jung-Ick Byun ◽  
Jin-Sun Jun ◽  
Tae-Joon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Lower Amplitude

Abstract Study Objectives We investigated electroencephalographic (EEG) slow oscillations (SOs), sleep spindles (SSs), and their temporal coordination during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). Methods We analyzed 16 patients with video-polysomnography-confirmed iRBD (age, 65.4 ± 6.6 years; male, 87.5%) and 10 controls (age, 62.3 ± 7.5 years; male, 70%). SSs and SOs were automatically detected during stage N2 and N3. We analyzed their characteristics, including density, frequency, duration, and amplitude. We additionally identified SO-locked spindles and examined their phase distribution and phase locking with the corresponding SO. For inter-group comparisons, we used the independent samples t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate. Results The SOs of iRBD patients had significantly lower amplitude, longer duration (p = 0.005 for both), and shallower slope (p &lt; 0.001) than those of controls. The SS power of iRBD patients was significantly lower than that of controls (p = 0.002), although spindle density did not differ significantly. Furthermore, SO-locked spindles of iRBD patients prematurely occurred during the down-to-up-state transition of SOs, whereas those of controls occurred at the up-state peak of SOs (p = 0.009). The phase of SO-locked spindles showed a positive correlation with delayed recall subscores (p = 0.005) but not with tonic or phasic electromyography activity during REM sleep. Conclusions In this study, we found abnormal EEG oscillations during NREM sleep in patients with iRBD. The impaired temporal coupling between SOs and SSs may reflect early neurodegenerative changes in iRBD.

Sleep Disturbance in Children with Visual-Motor Deficits

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Schroeder ◽  
Carolyn S. Schroeder ◽  
Brenda Ball
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Night Terrors ◽  
Stage 2 Sleep ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Sleep Pathology

The sleep patterns of 6 normals and 6 boys with visual-motor deficits were compared. While none of the usual symptoms of sleep pathology, e.g., insomnia, enuresis, night terrors, or somnambulism, were present in either group, the visual-motor boys showed a marked increase in Stage REM and correlated decrease in Stage 2 sleep. Results were interpreted as in accord with Berger's theory that the biological function of REM sleep is the innervation of anatomical pathways necessary for oculomotor control during waking.

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