scholarly journals A review of orchid pollination studies in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Da TANG ◽  
Jing-Hui OU ◽  
Yi-Bo LUO ◽  
Xue-Ying ZHUANG ◽  
Zhong-Jian LIU
Keyword(s):  
Orchid Pollination

scholarly journals Orchid pollination: specialization in chance?

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMES PÉREZ-HÉRNANDEZ ◽  
ANNE DAMON ◽  
JAVIER VALLE-MORA ◽  
DANIEL SÁNCHEZ-GUILLEN
Keyword(s):  
Orchid Pollination

scholarly journals Pollination success in three tropical dry forest orchid species from Mexico: insights from floral display, visitation rates, and flower micromorphology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazmín M. Miranda-Molina ◽  
Edgar J. González ◽  
Judith Márquez-Guzmán ◽  
Jorge Meave ◽  
Eduardo A. Pérez García
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Orchid Pollination ◽  
Floral Micromorphology ◽  
Floral Visitors

Background: Despite long-lasting efforts to disentangle the drivers of orchid pollination, pollination success in tropical dry forest orchids remains largely unknown. Questions and hypothesis: How successful are pollination in three tropical dry forest orchids? How is pollination influenced by floral display and floral rewards (as suggested by floral micromorphology)? We hypothesized a positive effect of floral display on pollinia removal and deposition rates. Studied species: Barkeria whartoniana (C. Schweinf.) Soto Arenas, Clowesia dodsoniana E. Aguirre, and Cyrtopodium macrobulbon (La Llave & Lex.) G.A. Romero & Carnevali. Study site and dates: Nizanda (Oaxaca), Mexico; flowering periods of 2013 and 2014. Methods: We calculated pollinia removal and deposition rates, identified floral visitors and analyzed flower microstructure to search for structures potentially producing rewards. Floral display was measured through number of open flowers, and number and length of inflorescences, and its effect on pollination success was assessed through linear modeling. Results: Pollinia removal rates were higher than deposition rates, and floral display was related to pollination success in C. dodsoniana only. Visitation rates were low for the three species and most visitors were not true pollinators. The three species possess potentially secreting structures, but for B. whartoniana and C. macrobulbon these rewards are likely part of the pollinator deception mechanism. Conclusions: The generalized low pollination success implies the need for high population densities of both interacting parts. We emphasize the need for integrated evaluations of different aspects of the plant-pollinator interaction.

Orchid pollination: from Darwin to the present day

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAIRE MICHENEAU ◽  
STEVEN D. JOHNSON ◽  
MICHAEL F. FAY
Keyword(s):  
Orchid Pollination

Orchid pollination by sexual swindle

Nature ◽  
10.1038/20829 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 399 (6735) ◽  
pp. 421-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian P. Schiestl ◽  
Manfred Ayasse ◽  
Hannes F. Paulus ◽  
Christer Löfstedt ◽  
Bill S. Hansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orchid Pollination

scholarly journals “Push and Pull”: Biomechanics of the Pollination Apparatus of Oncidium spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Thielen ◽  
Dagmar Voigt ◽  
Friederike Gallenmüller ◽  
Thomas Speck ◽  
Stanislav Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Adhesive Contact ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Adhesive Material ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Orchid Pollination ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Mechanical Barrier

Comprising ca. 28,000, species the Orchidaceae constitute one of the most species-rich plant families. Orchids differ from other monocotyledons i.a., in the formation of so-called pollinaria, which are entities consisting of pollen grains aggregated into compact pollinia and accessory structures, a viscidium and mostly also a pollinium stalk. The viscidium releases an adhesive material that attaches the pollinarium to a pollinator. Pollinaria are part of a complex pollination apparatus that enables the orchids to colonize niches in which only a few individuals of the respective pollinator occur infrequently. Because the aggregated pollen grains are removed from the flower at once, the development of a mechanical barrier ensuring that only suitable pollinators are able to access the flowers and more importantly to remove the pollen are important selective traits. In this paper we describe the functional morphology of the pollination apparatus in two orchid species, Oncidium wentworthianum and O. otogaya, by experimentally mimicking the pollination process. Furthermore, we analyzed the mechanical resistance of this apparatus by means of force measurements and showed that it most probably constitutes a hierarchical two-stage barrier. The first stage consists of the presence of the anther cap that not only protects the pollinia, but also serves to prevent premature removal of young and unripe pollinaria from the flower. As soon as the pollinaria are ripe, the anther cap sheds and the second stage of the mechanical barrier takes effect, a severable bond between pollinarium and rostellum. This bond can be overcome by a potential pollinator, applying a load of at least 10.8 mN (O. otogaya) or 12.6 mN (O. wentworthianum), respectively, on the viscidium which at the same time disengages the pollinarium from its anchorage. The adhesive material produced by the viscidium creates sufficient adhesive contact between pollinarium and pollinator. Potential pollinators, such as Centris spp. or Trigona spp. bees, should be well able to exert such forces by pushing their head/forebody into the orchid flowers. Thus, whether a pollinator is able to detach the pollinarium depends on both how forcefully it can push and how strongly it can pull the orchid pollination apparatus.

Orchid pollination biology

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Anders Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Orchid Pollination

Flight Distances of Male Euglossine Bees in Orchid Pollination

Biotropica ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Kroodsma
Keyword(s):  
Euglossine Bees ◽  
Orchid Pollination

scholarly journals Pollination in the Rainforest: Scarce Visitors and Low Effective Pollinators Limit the Fruiting Success of Tropical Orchids

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Hortensia Cabrera Reyes ◽  
David Draper ◽  
Isabel Marques
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Pollination Limitation ◽  
Orchid Pollination ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Effective Pollinators

A single plant might be visited by many flower visitors but not all might act as pollinators. Legitimate pollinators might also differ considerably in their efficiency, limiting pollination success. Unsuitable climatic conditions such as rain also affect pollinator activity. However, in the evergreen rainforest there is no prolonged dry season and flowering occurs usually under rain. Here, we explore the dependence on pollinators and the efficiency of flower visitors for the fruiting success of 10 Andean rainforest orchids. All species were self-compatible but strictly pollinator-dependent. Overall, we found low levels of fruit set in control flowers while experimental geitonogamous and cross-pollinations increased fruit set, revealing extensive pollination limitation in all populations. Seed viability dropped considerably after self and geitonogamous pollinations suggesting the possibility of early-acting inbreeding depression. Even though we monitored flower visitors on an extensive survey, few visitors were seen in these species and even fewer acted as legitimate pollinators. Thus, even though orchid pollination might be extremely diversified, these results show that few visitors are pollinating these species, explaining the low levels of fruit set recorded in the area studied.

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