Urban‐Rural Disparities in Opioid Use Disorder Prevention and Response Activities: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
William L. Swann ◽  
Sojeong Kim ◽  
Serena Y. Kim ◽  
Terri L. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Disorder Prevention

Opioid Use Disorder during Antepartum and Postpartum Hospitalizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. 1467-1475
Author(s):  
Adina R. Kern-Goldberger ◽  
Yongmei Huang ◽  
Melanie Polin ◽  
Zainab Siddiq ◽  
Jason D. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Nationwide Inpatient Sample ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objective This study aimed to evaluate temporal trends in opioid use disorder (OUD) during antepartum and postpartum hospitalizations. Study Design This repeated cross-sectional analysis analyzed data from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample. Women aged 15 to 54 years admitted antepartum or postpartum were identified. The presence of OUD was determined based on a diagnosis of opioid abuse, opioid dependence, or opioid overdose. Temporal trends in OUD were evaluated using the Rao–Scott chi-square test. Temporal trends in opioid overdose were additionally evaluated. Results An estimated 7,336,562 antepartum hospitalizations and 1,063,845 postpartum readmissions were included in this analysis. The presence of an OUD diagnosis during antepartum hospitalizations increased from 0.7% of patients in 1998 to 1999 to 2.9% in 2014 (p < 0.01) and during postpartum hospitalizations increased from 0.8% of patients in 1998 to 1999 to 2.1% of patients in 2014 (p < 0.01). Risk of overdose diagnoses increased significantly for both antepartum hospitalizations, from 22.7 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 1998 to 2000 to 70.3 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2013 to 2014 (p < 0.001), and postpartum hospitalizations, from 18.8 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 1998 to 2000 to 65.2 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2013 to 2014 (p = 0.02). Discussion Risk of OUD diagnoses and overdoses increased over the study period for both antepartum and postpartum hospitalizations.

scholarly journals Measuring urbanicity as a risk factor for childhood wheeze in a transitional area of coastal ecuador: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000679
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rodriguez ◽  
Laura Rodrigues ◽  
Martha Chico ◽  
Maritza Vaca ◽  
Mauricio Lima Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transitional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background The urbanisation process has been associated with increases in asthma prevalence, an observation supported largely by studies comparing urban with rural populations. The nature of this association remains poorly understood, likely because of the limitations of the urban–rural approach to understand what a multidimensional process is. Objective This study explored the relationship between the urbanisation process and asthma prevalence using a multidimensional and quantitative measure of urbanicity. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 1843 children living in areas with diverse levels of urbanisation in the district of Quinindé, Ecuador in 2013–2015. Categorical principal components analysis was used to generate an urbanicity score derived from 18 indicators measured at census ward level based on data from the national census in 2010. Indicators represent demographic, socioeconomic, built environment and geographical dimensions of the urbanisation process. Geographical information system analysis was used to allocate observations and urban characteristics to census wards. Logistic random effects regression models were used to identify associations between urbanicity score, urban indicators and three widely used definitions for asthma. Results The prevalence of wheeze ever, current wheeze and doctor diagnosis of asthma was 33.3%, 13% and 6.9%, respectively. The urbanicity score ranged 0–10. Positive significant associations were observed between the urbanicity score and wheeze ever (adjusted OR=1.033, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, p=0.05) and doctor diagnosis (adjusted OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.1, p=0.001). For each point of increase in urbanicity score, the prevalence of wheeze ever and doctor diagnosis of asthma increased by 3.3% and 6%, respectively. Variables related to socioeconomic and geographical dimensions of the urbanisation process were associated with greater prevalence of wheeze/asthma outcomes. Conclusions Even small increases in urbanicity are associated with a higher prevalence of asthma in an area undergoing the urban transition. The use of a multidimensional urbanicity indicator has greater explanatory power than the widely used urban–rural dichotomy to improve our understanding of how the process of urbanisation affects the risk of asthma.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0140787
Author(s):  
Heli T. Viljakainen ◽  
Yoav Ben-Shlomo ◽  
Sanjay Kinra ◽  
Shah Ebrahim ◽  
Hannah Kuper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Migration Study ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Evaluation of the prevalence and nutritional and social determinants of overweight in a population of schoolchildren: a cross-sectional analysis of 5,037 children

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Filla Rosaneli ◽  
Flavia Auler ◽  
Carla Barreto Manfrinato ◽  
Claudine Filla Rosaneli ◽  
Caroline Sganzerla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Quantitative Clinical Characteristics of 53 Patients with MPS VII: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S45
Author(s):  
M. Zielonka ◽  
S. Garbade ◽  
S. Kölker ◽  
G. Hoffmann ◽  
M. Ries
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Mps Vii ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Fracture prevalence in children 0-19 years-old in Mexico: A 10-year cross-sectional analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Clark ◽  
Annarella Barbato ◽  
Miguel Angel Guagnelli ◽  
Jose Alberto Rascon ◽  
Edgar Denova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Fracture Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Analysis
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